摘要:

Concerns with eating were studied in 130 Japanese boys and 125 girls aged 6–18 years using the Simplified Eating Attitudes Test (s-EAT). The s-EAT scores in girls slightly increased with age. The mean scores in girls at age 10 years or older were significantly higher than in boys of the same age, suggesting that pubertal girls have more concerns with eating. On the other hand, s-EAT scores in boys that were not overweight decreased as they grew older, contributing, at least partly, to the sexual difference in eating behavior. The mean scores in overweight boys were higher than in boys that were not overweight. The score in boys correlated significantly with weight though there was no significant correlation in girls. These results suggest that, in addition to increased concerns with eating in girls, decreased concerns with age in boys is one of the causes of the sexual difference in eating behavior, especially during puberty. Eating behaviors in girls seem to be less influenced by changes in body weight than in boy

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284810

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was conducted to establish the degree of interrelationship between neuropsychological functioning in the acute phase of the schizophrenic illness, clinical measures of treatment response (positive and negative symptoms), and 1-year outcome. Nineteen SADS/RDC schizophrenic inpatients were clinically rated during a 2-week drug washout period and again following 4 weeks of neuroleptic treatment. The findings revealed that reduced attentional ability in the baseline phase significantly predicted the presence of higher residual negative symptoms following 4 weeks of treatment, while neurocognitive status was unrelated to positive symptom response. With respect to prediction of the 1-year outcome, poor functional status of this schizophrenic population was significantly associated with the presence of baseline memory dysfunction.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284811

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The factors to which the pathogenesis of paranoia is ascribed are predisposition, personality and environment. This paper deals with further etiological preconditions such as psychoorganic impairment, convulsive disorders and physical handicaps together with their psychoreactive processing, based on detailed case reports. Such patients are relatively frequent within the (epidemiologically small) group comprising paranoia. The psychodynamic factors underlying the sensitive processing of physical handicaps are described, with means of prevention being discussed in conclusion.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284812

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Clinical lore has long supported the subtype of situational or reactive depression. To date, however, there has been limited empirical research support for this subtype of major depression. We examined demographic, clinical and personality features of situational and nonsituational depression in 89 outpatients with unipolar nonpsychotic major depressive disorder. Situational depressives had a less recurrent course of illness and appeared to respond more completely to the antidepressant used for their current episode. Demographic and personality measures did not distinguish situational and nonsituational depression.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284813

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a retrospective study 62 patients, who fulfilled the ICD-8/9 criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), were followed up. Besides an assessment of the cross-sectional symptomatology of OCD and depression, the long-term course of OCD and its relationship to depression were investigated. Five courses of OCD could be differentiated: continuous and unchanging (27.4%); continuous with deterioration (9.7%); continuous with improvement (24.4%); episodic with partial remission (24.2%), and episodic with full remission (11.3%). There was no difference between primary or secondary depression on the prognosis of OCD, and there was also no difference between the continuous or episodic course with regard to primary or secondary depression. Our results may be biased by the fact that we selected a sample of OCD and not primarily major depressive patients.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284814

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The content of schizophrenic delusions of 150 German patients in the Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Tübingen and those of 324 Japanese patients (ICD-9:295) were compared according to the classification of Huber and Gross. The comparison revealed significantly higher frequencies of delusions of poisoning (18 vs. 8%; p < 0.01) and jealousy (6 vs. 1.9%; p < 0.05) in the German cases, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of comprehensive injury delusions. There was also no significant difference in the incidence of comprehensive grandeur delusions. However, comprehensive belittlement delusions were more frequent in the German group (24 vs. 13.3%; p < 0.01). Among the delusions of this type, the themes of guilt/sin (15.3 vs. 4.9%; p < 0.001), particularly those related to religion, were more frequent in the German group. Although religious delusions were more frequent in the German group (21.3 vs. 6.8%; p < 0.001), the difference regarding the incidence of ‘delusions of world destruction’ was not statistically significant. Among the persecution/injury delusions, themes of direct persecution from others (Verfolgungswahn) were conspicuous in the German group, whereas delusions of reference (Beziehungswahn) related to harassment, such as ‘being slandered by others’ or ‘being known’, were common in the Japanese group. Namely, the difference in the content of these persecution/injury delusions may derive from the different types of self in the two countries: the individually oriented self in Germany and the group-oriented self in Japan. Delusions of guilt/sin in the German group may reflect the characteristics of sin in

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284815

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The psychopathological validity of the current concept ‘bizarre delusion’ is questioned. A review of the literature reveals that the traditional category ‘ego disorders’ – though preferable to ‘bizarre delusion’ – is also biased, taking into account mainly ‘passivity experiences’ of the kind of ‘Gemacht’, eclipsing experiences of active influence on external reality. Although anecdotal records of activity experiences in schizophrenic psychoses have been reported since Kraepelin, any general sys

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284816

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A clinical follow-up lasting from 1 to 6 years on 25 outpatients affected by endogenous psychoses and manifesting ego disorders demonstrates the presence of both activity and passivity experiences in schizophrenias and affective psychoses. No differential diagnosis between the two nosographical groups can be based on the phenomenological characteristics of passivity and activity experiences. Regarding the schizophrenic sample, our observations suggest reconsidering on theoretical grounds the validity of the construct ‘loss of ego boundaries

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284817

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The belief that passage of a ‘whitish discharge’ is associated with bodily complaints of weakness, tiredness, exhaustion, multiple aches, and multiple somatic complaints is known to be widely prevalent among Asian women. However, this aspect has not gained research attention. The case reported here illustrates how multiple somatic complaints, psychosomatic in nature, are attributed to the passage of white discharge and manifest as an abnormal illness behavi

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284818

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The frequency of diagnostic shift was investigated in 267 patients diagnosed with various psychiatric disorders according to the 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Forty-six patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenic psychosis, 71 for affective psychosis, 66 for neurotic disorder, 24 for personality disorder, and 40 for psychogenic reaction. The remaining 20 patients were diagnosed with heterogenous disorders. The mean follow-up time was 12.5 years. Every episode of inpatient treatment was diagnosed cross-sectionally. Patients with an initial episode of schizophrenic psychosis showed by far the greatest stability (93%). A high stability was found in patients diagnosed with neurotic disorders (79%). Forty-two patients with an index diagnosis of affective psychosis suffered more than one type of episode during the course of disease. The lowest stability was noted in patients with a psychogenic reaction (10%). Eleven percent of patients with a final diagnosis of schizophrenia had an index diagnosis of psychogenic reaction. Our findings demonstrate that the course of disease should be considered in making the final diagnosis.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284819

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger