ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283591

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Questions concerning the scope, theory and method of ecological research in psychiatry are discussed in the light of some prominent findings, which adumbrate the present state of knowledge of environmental influences on mental health. The epidemiological model is taken as a frame of reference. The special problems which arise in testing hypotheses, and their solution, are illustrated by the example of the ‘ecological fallacy’. Here, an attempt is made to progress from simple correlations between ecological variables and defined illness-rates, and speculation about their significance, to a careful analysis of unavoidable conditions, and of their relative importa

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283592

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Though the adverse psychological effects of noise as an environmental pollutant are well-recognised, much of the relevant work has been focussed on the ambiguous concept of ‘annoyance’. A review of the evidence suggests that the relationship between noise and mental ill-health calls for more direct investigation. In particular, the marked individual variation in reactions to noise requires elucidat

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283593

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From several field studies, the author has endeavored to specify the relationships between the territory of human city dwellers, their self-images and those of others. When certain conditions are not met, various mental illnesses arise. The reason is that in the territorial-spatial arrangement the needs to consider the complexity of urban living and the sectioning plans are governed by financial decisions. What has been saved by financial planning in city management appears to be a rather excessive price to pay for health and welfare.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283594

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper reviews the literature on the relationship of social class status to the incidence and prevalence of mental disorder. For purposes of this review, social class is divided into three categories: the ‘affluent’, ‘working class’ and ‘poor’. Mental disorders referred to are: schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, psychoneurosis, diseases of the senium, personality disorders and the combined category ‘mentally ill’. The general conclusion is drawn that the rate of existing mental disorder among the poor is substantially higher than among the affluent or working-class groups. This notwithstanding, low social-class status is held to be unrelated to the incidence of functional psychosis (i.e., schizophrenia and manic-depres

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The economic development and the resulting mass tourism since the Second World War have provoked in the whole alpine region an economic and a social change of considerable importance. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of this process should be of interest to the social sciences in general, and to social psychiatry in particular. The paper presented here deals with some results from a sociological-sociopsychiatric longitudinal study of socio-cultural change. The object of this longitudinal study is a mountain village in the alps which shortly after the construction of a road communication became a famous tourist station of world-wide renown. The study tries to examine the mountain village as a paradigma of the social change and the following psychological, psychosomatic and psychosocial difficulties of adaptation during the period of the so-called ‘cultural lag’. The factors and the manifestations, the actors and the consequences of the social change have been discussed. The economic change has altered the roles, the distribution of work, the culturally determined and traditionally learned patterns of behaviour, and the underlying pattern of values and normative attitudes. This change functions as a stressor and the individuals affected by this change are undergoing stress reactions. The most important parameters of this general stress and of the phenomena of inadequate adaptation to the social change are the raised consumation of alcohol, drugs and tobacco, and the psychosomatic and sexual behaviour disorders. How strong the correlations and interdependences between social change, stress and disorders of adaptation really are, cannot yet be shown in this study. Further data and information needs to be gathered during the longitudinal study to verify or to falsify the above-mentioned hypothe

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283596

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger