ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283676

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A short text spoken by a patient with a supposed symptomatic schizophrenia in lupus erythematodes is analyzed by means of a structural interpretation. While the text appears schizophrenic, it is only the confusion and intermingling of five quite distinct textual levels which create this impression. These five levels are presented in three distinctive modes of narrative. Deviation and periphrase: while psychopathologically these breaks in the narrative are deviations from the main thread of argument, stylistically they are periphrasic statements, all having identical structures. They are all related emotionally as well as thematically to the central subject of the text. Their informational quality is impaired by their density and their interlocked form. Narrative: the text contains three meaningful and well-arranged stories. In one case a multilevel narrative structure is employed. Each story represents a response to the initial question. Metalanguage: on a metatextual level, the patient repeatedly makes reference to her linguistic peculiarities. These statements coincide with objective evaluation. Delusions and misidentification of individuals and situations used in classical psycho-pathological diagnosis can be given a different meaning (in the sense used by Weinrich) if interpretation has deepened the knowledge of the text. In this case, the similarity to schizophrenic texts is only superficial. A more detailed analysis illustrates the difference from schizophrenia on every level.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283677

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Symbiontic psychoses (induced delusions) are marked by ‘solitude by twos’ – together in alienation to the environment. This special psychological situation is dangerous and the foundation to develop ‘suicides by twos’ (double suicides). The relations between the psychotic partners (domination–subordination) change over to relations of double suicide (instogator–participant). The presuicide syndrome of such double suicides is described with two cases, one at the psychopathological borderline to a symbiontic psychosis, the other on the culmination of it (delusion of influence a

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283678

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

30 patients with delirium tremens were given in a double-blind trial – beside the basic treatment with chlormethiazol (Distraneurin®) – aprotinin (Trasylol®) or placebo. Duration of the delirium and the amount of chlormethiazol used were the criteria for successful treatment. It was shown that the additional application of aprotinin did neither shorten significantly the duration of the delirium nor save the amount of chlormethiazol used. Methodologically, special attention was given to the question of duration of the delirium and of registering symptoms. A delirium-rating scale was devised and its analysis showed a good randomization of the items. One main question was as to what extent the individual items were good indicators of a delirium. An item intercorrelation showed that there were two clusters of symptoms: psychological and sympathetic nervous system symptoms. It could be shown that the items ‘consciousness, orientation, hallucinations and short-term memory’ were good indicators of the delirium, while items of the autonomous nervous system, as tremor of hands and body, facial muscular twitching and exteroceptive reflexes, were less indicative of delirium. The duration of the delirium seems to be the best criterion for the question as to whether a drug is effective or not in delirium tremens. There is a highly significant correlation between the degree of the severity of the delirium and its duration. Other significant predictors for the severity of the delirium were the maximal pulse rate and change in blood pressure. Age, duration of alcoholism and psychological or physical depravation showed no influence on the duration of the

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283679

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The efficacy of a new intensive antidepressive treatment procedure – 48 h slow drip infusion with 1,440 mg dibenzepine2 and subsequent oral treatment – was investigated in endomorphous (endogenous) depressed patients. In addition to evaluations of alterations in psychopathology by clinicians, time of onset and the extent of the therapeutic effect was determined by the patients themselves using the affect-polarity profile, and by EEG power-spectral density analysis. Clinical improvement started as early as in the 3rd hour of the dibenzepine infusion and was predominantly due to an anxiolytic/sedative drug effect. The thymoleptic effect started at the end of the infusion and increased with progressing oral treatment up to the 3rd week. Neurophysiological changes were ahead of the psychopathological ones, since a statistical decrease in dominant frequency of the EEG occurred 1 h after the start of dibenzepine infus

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283680

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Most earlier studies and all recent studies on national samples have shown that compared with live births in the control population, schizophrenic patients have a significant excess of birth rates in the winter or early months of the year. In contrast, only some of the early research efforts and only some of the national studies (in England and Wales as well as for certain decades in Sweden) have demonstrated that the same holds true for patients with affective psychosis. The present German study, carried out on affective disorder diagnosed in a strongly Kurt Schneider-oriented clinic, found (as did most Scandinavian research on national samples) that there was no significant overrepresentation of births in the winter or early months of the year for all types of affective disorder, neurotic as well as psychotic. Thus, the findings on Schneider-diagnosed affective disturbances were similar to those on Schneider-diagnosed schizophrenia reported elsewhere.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283681

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Instruments devised to measure death anxiety, depression, and manifest anxiety in adults were administered to 75 junior high-school students, Ill senior high-school students, and 38 adults in an effort to determine the nature of any developmental differences among these groups. A number of significant differences were noted, with the senior high-school students showing greater anxiety, depression, and death anxiety than the other groups. These results are discussed in the context of tasks of adolescent development, and an item analysis of the death anxiety questionnaire is presented. Developmental differences in the origin of death anxiety are related to previous studies of death anxiety in adults.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283682

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Manic, endogenous depressive, schizophrenic and neurotic patients, 80 (40 females, 40 males) in each diagnostic group, are compared with regard to the white blood count with one another and with normal controls. Significant differences of means were found (1) between some groups of patients concerning the total number of leucocytes (µM ≠ µS, µD), the number of neutrophil granulocytes (µM ≠ µS, µN), the number of eosinophil granulocytes (µM ≠ µS, µD; µN ≠ µS, µD) and the number of lymphocytes (µN ≠ µD), and (2) between all groups of patients and normal controls concerning the number of monocytes (µD, µN, µM, µS ≠ µ

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283683

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283684

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000283685

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger