ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284542

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284543

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It is difficult to establish clear distinctions between emotion, affect and mood, because they belong to the same physiological dimension which may be conceived as ‘background activity’; for the purposes of research definitions should be as precise as possible. After a review of the most commonly used and sometimes contradictory definitions of these and related terms, a modified version of Janzarik’s model of the ‘structural-dynamic coherency’ is proposed as a frame of reference for improvement in defining different ‘dynamic states’. The clear distinction between emotional resonance, mood and drive for the description of pathological modifications of the background activity

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284544

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The dicussion is anchored in the transcultural, organismic pervasive character of psychopathologically relevant depressive and manic reality construction; it attacks, however, the exclusion of these mood states from the normal behavior repertory. The hypothesis is advanced that both phenomena represent inborn dialectical logical instruments of evolution-like human identity creation and maintenance. Therefore, from a psychotechnical viewpoint, mood is a meta-concept in regard to all experiential, communicative, self-defining facets of human polythematic existence to which emotion-related linguistic labels can be affixed.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284545

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this paper, emotion is dealt with as a complex theoretical term, whose empirical referents derive from physiological, behavioral and subjective discourses (psychophysiological triad). It is argued that the meaning of emotion terms is not exhausted by any of these discourses (or ‘texts’), but by the complementary consideration of the three. In order to proceed psychophysiologically, any given text becomes context for the others, thus allowing for consensual validation of hypothetical constructs. The position delineated in this paper seeks to go beyond the usual correlational approach and is discussed in relation to other similar attempts. The pivotal position of language and the implications of content category (or meaning) analysis in the study of affect and emotion are illustra

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284546

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It is well known that the human voice contains important information about the affective state of a speaker at a nonverbal level. Accordingly, we started an extensive investigation which aims at modelling intraindividual changes of the global affective state over time, as this state is reflected by the human voice, and can be inferred from measurable speech parameters. For the purpose of this investigation, a speech-recording procedure was designed which is especially suited to reveal intraindividual changes of voice patterns over time since each person serves as his or her own reference. On the other hand, the chosen experimental setup is less suited to classify patients in the sense of a traditional diagnostic scheme. In order to find an appropriate mathematical model on the basis of speech parameters, a calibration study with 190 healthy subjects was carried out which enabled us to investigate each parameter for its reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity. In particular, this calibration study yielded the information of how to draw the line between ‘normal’ fluctuations and ‘significant’ intraindividual changes over time. All speech parameters under discussion turned out to be sufficiently stable over time, whereas, in regard to their sensitivity to form and content of text, significant differences showed up. In a second step, a pilot study with 6 depressive patients was carried out in order to investigate the specificity of voice parameters with regard to psychopathology. It turned out that the registration procedure is realizable even if patients are considerably handicapped by their illness. However, no consistent correlations could be revealed between single speech parameters and psychopathological rating scales. Consequently, no simple mathematical model seems to apply in general, and, hence, we are working on a more sophisticated, multivariate method of a

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284547

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nosological questions in psychiatry imply core questions of understanding and interpretation in the field of mental illness. The model of unitary psychosis in contrast to the hypothesis of nosological entities has been discussed in controversial terms for a long time. This history of psychiatry in review of a hundred years’ development of psychopathology, neurobiological sources and psychosociological conditions points out the multiplicity of adaptive processes in a multifactorial-multiconditional way. Nosological entities such as formulated by Leonhard would have a promising interpretation in the framework of a unitary approach in the philosophy by Rennert and the analysis of various psychodynamic axe

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284548

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284549

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Data on 23 patients developing a psychosis precipitated by group sessions (mainly nontherapeutic groups in a strict sense) are presented. Nearly 70% (16 patients) fulfilled the DSM-III criteria for major affective disorder, while only 4 patients met the criteria for schizophrenia. Possible factors for the development of psychotic symptomatology during group activities and the role of group dynamics acting as stress factors precipitating functional psychoses, especially bipolar manifestations, are discussed.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284550

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this paper the author presents a review of the literature concerning the connections between affective states and memory processes together with the reflections on the implications of these connections for psychopathology and symptom/syndrome formation. Especially the issue of hypermnestic states in the context of dissociative phenomena is extensively discussed. The importance of these phenomena and processes for psychotherapy is discussed too. It might well be that they are involved in symptom formation as a transference reaction as part of the process of psychotherapy.

ISSN:0254-4962    

DOI:10.1159/000284551

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger