ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe achievements of early intervention during the last quarter of a century are built on family‐based services with a whole‐child focus. Their influence has been far‐reaching but knowing what needs to be done increases the frustrations in making effective interventions available to all families and children, irrespective of where they live. Among the service transformations reviewed are the shift in focus from children to families; the recasting of service personnel from specialists to family supporters; the development of therapies into child‐led transactions as the preferred means of promoting development, and new approaches to evaluating service effectiveness. Examples are given of low‐cost service strategies to meet the needs of the developing world, new styles of training opportunities for parents and communities, and the promotion of policies at a community and national level that nurture the wellbeing of children and families. The primary requirements for successful interventions remain the age‐old values of love, self‐sacrifice and respect for the dignity and worth of each person. Sustaining these in modern society is arguably our great

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of the organisation and activities offered by all adult training centres (ATCs) in Wales was carried out in 1990. Activities were categorised under 10 headings, and the total number of ‘person hours’ allocated to each was calculated. The location of activities, within the ATC or elsewhere, was also noted. Over a third operated small satellite units, but the pattern of activity in these was similar to that of main centres. Only 11% of registered attenders had all their activities in the ATC, while the activities of 15% occurred elsewhere. The remainder (74%) experienced a mixture of centre based and external activities. However, across the timetable, 70% of person hours were spent inside the ATC. The vast majority of ATCs (88%) said they carried out formal reviews of client progress. The most common activity was arts and crafts, accounting for 25.3% of all person hours. Just over half (53%) of ATCs offered centre based contract work, and this represented 20.2% of all person hours. The proportion of person hours spent in the three other categories relating to work was 15.5%, the largest being work experience at 9.8%. Comments of managers suggested that increased activity in the community and work related activity were positive developments yielding significant benefits for those involved. Over £7 million of expenditure was identified, the largest elements being staff salaries (71%), and transport (15%). The mean cost per person across all reporting ATCs was £3,252 p.a. Variations in the balance of activity were found across ATCs. A cluster analysis identified four models of ATC operation, characterised as Recreation, Recreation and Personal Development, Occupation, and Employment. The models identified could not be fully attributed to such organisational factors as county of origin (implying local day service policy) or size of ATC. The paper suggests that not all activities hold the same benefits for people with a mental handicap, points to a lack of consensus on what activities should take place, and calls for an informed debate between consumers and prov

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of nutritional status and dietary problems in adults with learning disabilities aged 20–50 years and living in the general community is reported. The frequency of overweight (BMI 25–30) and obese (BMI>30) women (and in Down Syndrome subjects both men and women) was more than twice that in their community controls. No significant difference in BMI categories was found in the men. Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were more frequent in overweight and obese learning disabled women than in their community counterparts. These results indicate a need for specific nutrition education programmes, in concert with proper nutritional assessment and dietary intervent

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is suggested in the service provision literature for people who have a learning disability (LD) that menstrual management should be addressed proactively on the basis of least restrictive approaches. In this study, detailed information about menstrual management decision‐making on behalf of 30 young women with LD and high support needs was obtained through interviews with their mothers. Analysis of the interview data suggests that although menstrual suppression or elimination was often preferred, parental decision‐making appeared to be occurring without access to practical support or comprehensive information. Some parental perspectives are identified and briefly discussed. It is concluded that service provision organisations need to make available information and practical support to young women, their families, and staff members, in the areas of menstrual and fertility managem

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOverall, the results of training programmes for parents with learning disability (LD) are positively reported. These training programmes are generally provided through specialist services. However, ordinary life principles dictate that people with LD be catered for in generic services. In this study community based generic family support services were surveyed in one Australian state, New South Wales, to determine whether assistance was provided to parents with LD. The results show that only a small proportion of these services (20%) catered for these parents. Type, content and frequency of parent education and training was predominantly determined on an individual needs basis. The parent education and training provided is discussed in relation to programme components thought necessary to ensure successful training outcomes. Possible reasons why the majority of services do not include parents with LD are also presented.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterest in school effectiveness and performance indicators has been a major concern of educational research in developed educational systems throughout the 1980s, although little of this activity has been translated to the area of special educational needs. Drawing upon data from a national survey of school leavers with significant special educational needs (n= 618), indicators of successful post‐school outcomes are hypothesised. A model developed in the field of health economics (McGuireet al., 1988) is described and adapted to provide a theoretical framework against which effective provision for special educational needs may be judged. Ordinal scales on seven key variables are described and applied to representative case studies from the above data set. The hypothesised outcome variables are employment; economic self‐sufficiency; personal autonomy; role‐taking in the family; role‐taking in society; uptake of post‐secondary education and qualifications gained at school. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the health economics model (known as QALYs — Quality Adjusted Life Years) as a potentially useful method of considering the value‐added benefit of differing forms of provision for differing disa

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1994.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY