摘要:

ABSTRACTInteractions between primary care‐givers and people with mental handicaps have been a focus of eco‐behavioural studies. Many of these have classified verbalisations by staff and the people resident in long‐stay settings to indicate the nature of the linguistic environment and show that there is a low level of high quality interaction in these settings. A comparison between two separate wards in the same hospital was carried out to obtain baselines as part of a study of the efficacy of staff training procedures. The wards were identified as being very different from each other in management practices, level of communication ability, and degree of support required by the people living in them.The present study examined the use of an observational schedule which yielded data for fine‐grained analysis of the patterns of interaction between residents and staff; according to population density and by staff grade. The results of the baseline measures indicated very few differences in interaction patterns between the wards despite other differences in régime. While much previous research has suggested that different management approaches, such as staff training, are important factors in setting differences, it is only in‐depth investigations which examine these aspects in terms of the patterns of language use and activity that highlight the extent of the effects of institutionalisation on staff and the people in their care.The implications are that training needs to be targeted at communication to overcome some of the features of existing interaction patterns. Replacing large institutions by smaller facilities, where changes in management or physical features only replicate the activity, staffing, and systemic patterns of large hospitals, could lead to very little fundamental change in interaction patterns for the people who live in them unless effort is directed towards facilitating their development of socially interact

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe deinstitutionalisation of people with mental handicaps has given rise to a considerable literature regarding the effects of this policy on service users. This review describes the major findings in relation to changes in adaptive behaviour, activity levels, social interaction, community integration, disruptive behaviour, and quality of life. Individual and environmental influences are discussed, together with possible foci for future research.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStructured diaries describing the activity of three people with mental handicaps were kept by direct‐care staff and compared with results of simultaneous direct observation using five‐second momentary time‐sampling. Item‐by‐item agreement on main activity in five‐minute time blocks ranged from 41 to 72 per cent. Even averaged across three‐hour sessions substantial inaccuracy remained. These results suggest great caution is needed in using diaries as a source of ev

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper comprehensively reviews studies relating to the prevalence, assessment, and behavioural treatment of anxiety and related disorders in adults with mental handicaps. It is considered that the paucity of research in this area, relative to work with adults who are not mentally handicapped, is an example of neglect by mainstream psychology rather than a belief that people with mental handicaps do not often experience such disorders. The lack of assessment measures is noted and discussed in the context of studies of treatment outcome. Such studies are sparse and generally poorly designed, although most indicate the potential benefit of behavioural interventions. Future areas of research are discussed and their necessity is outlined in the context of the principles of normalisation.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis single case study investigated the effects of instructional variables on the initial acquisition, generalisation, and discriminative components of a requesting response in respect of two toothbrushing items. In Experiment 1, the effects of several teaching strategies (receptive language training, natural context training, and quick transfer training) on the acquisition of a requesting response were assessed. The quick transfer training method produced a requesting response with respect to both items. Requesting behaviour also generalised to a novel stimulus condition. In Experiment 2, quick transfer discrimination training resulted in the acquisition of a discriminated requesting response. Implications for assessment and training of spontaneous requesting skills are presented.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTParents of 35 children attending a school for children with severe learning difficulties responded to a postal survey by questionnaire. This sought their views: on having a child with a severe mental handicap; on the help they received; and on how they felt they were coping with the experience.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe author devised the Challenging Behaviour Scales (CBS) in response to the task of evaluating how much impact a ward‐based intervention had on the challenging behaviour of the men who lived there. They were used as one of a “battery” of ten research methods; adding a quantitative assessment to what were largely qualitative techniques. This paper aims to describe the CBS, as opposed to project outcomes, in the belief that it has potential for wider application within areas of evaluational research. The background and objectives of the CBS are outlined, along with a description of the construction of its two parts: the Frequency and Intensity sections.Production of the accompanying Manual is also described, as well as the reliability checks, scoring methods, and staff comments obtained after application of the CBS. Finally, suggestions are made about ways in which data produced from this model of scale development can be analysed, and the author clarifies the position that she believes this type of behavioural assessment has in evaluational work. Additional suggestions are made for people who may wish to use the model of construction underlying the CBS else

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:PARENTS AND YOUNG MENTALLY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUESHelen McConachieTHE READING HABIT. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE HANDS OF DEAF AND HANDICAPPED PEOPLEStephen FlemingPROFOUND RETARDATION AND MULTIPLE IMPAIRMENT. VOLUME 2 EDUCATION AND THERAPYJames Hogg, Judy Sebba

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1989.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY