ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPeople with profound mental handicaps have in the past been described as behaviourally incompetent or even “vegetative” (Fuller, 1949). Descriptions of this kind convey a belief that such people are incapable of learning or responding to environmental change. Over the last 30 years, however, this view has been challenged and rejected. In both laboratory and applied settings, people with profound mental handicaps have been shown capable of behavioural adaptation and learning. This article first provides an overview of the literature and then examines more recent theoretical work on learning and performance in conditioning situations and the relevance of this work in the treatment and remediation of profound mental handi

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere have been few intervention studies with mothers with mental handicaps and their children, but recently there has been more interest in this population. Previous work has focused upon a limited number of behaviours and only upon interactions between a mother and one child, even though some mothers had several children.This study reports on parent training efforts with a mother of three children, each with behavioural and/or medical and cognitive delays. Training occurred first in a clinic setting and then in the home, the mother being instructed with each child singly and then as a group. Using a multiple baseline procedure the results showed that the interactions were positively changed in both settings. Great difficulty in developing more positive styles of interaction, especially with the eldest daughter, led the authors to expect that the gains would not be fully maintained and additional training would be required. However, there was some maintenance in the positive aspects of the mother's behaviour as well as for some of each child's behaviour.The data support the contention that mothers with mental handicaps can be successfully trained to care for several (even delayed) children. Given the manifold problems of the mother studied and of other mothers with similar handicaps, and the consequent large expenditure of professional effort, it is apparent that other training programmes should be examined. These may require relatively short, periodic maintenance training sessions for a long duration. The efficacy of differing methodologies to meet individual parents' needs must be examined.

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present paper describes the development of anxiety management training and exposure treatments for dog phobia with people with mental handicaps. The treatment procedures have several components including: increased contact with dogs; changing dogs as treatment progresses; graded exposure to dogs; eliciting anxiety from an early stage in the programme; modelling reasonable reactions to dogs; encouraging individuals to have control over dogs; and promoting generalisation of coping behaviours. The procedures are illustrated by the cases of two women who were assessed on overall ratings of fear, number of positive approaches to a dog, number of negative reactions to a dog, number of requests to remove a dog, and self‐assessments of anxiety. Both women responded to treatment. The results are discussed in terms of the patterning of the women's responses as treatment progressed. Finally, the study suggests that exposure treatments may be a successful way of helping people with mental handicaps overcome their phobic anxiet

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring 1986 five young adults left hospital to live in a bungalow in Exeter. This move has been described as a “second generation” project. In other words it was not one of the first such ventures in the area. It followed earlier, trail‐blazing projects and had to compete for administrative and specialist support with a number of other projects being commissioned at the same time.No net change in staff/client ratio occurred and 70 per cent of the new staff team were staff who had previously worked with the young people whilst they were in hospital.A number of findings consistent with the view that the quality of life of the young people had been improved as a result of leaving hospital were recorded: they went out more, and to more varied places; they spent more time engaged in interaction with other people; less behaviour judged to be “inappropriate” was recorded; and staff considered the group as a whole to be “better off”.On the other hand little evidence of integration being achieved within the local community was recorded; and there was little or no evidence of individuals being supported in ways that increased their competence, particularly in relation to participating at a simple level in routine domestic tasks.The implications of these findings for others engaged in the large‐scale commissioning of such housing project

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn any study of the lives and life styles of people with mental handicaps it is essential to make every effort to obtain the consumers' own perspective of their own social situation and personal circumstances. There is a growing body of literature on the challenges faced by researchers who seek the viewpoint of consumers and some ideas are now emerging about how to meet those challenges most effectively. This paper looks at this growing body of literature, and notes some points of consensus.The paper then describes the research methods used in a follow‐up study of people with mental handicaps living in the community, in which personal views were sought. An attempt is made to describe the challenges met, not only at the design stage but also during the research interviews. Some key issues emerged from the study, and these are discussed in some detail. Illustrative interview material is included to highlight points made about the interaction between researchers and respondents, and to suggest some ways forward for others embarking in this fiel

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe number of children living in mental handicap hospitals has fallen substantially in recent years, but those who remain tend to be amongst those with the most profound handicaps. If the benefits of community care are to be extended to this group of children then new residential facilities will have to be sufficiently resourced to cater for their special needs. This article reports on the economic costs of one residential unit, the Dr. Barnardo's Intensive Support Unit (ISU) in Croxteth Park, Liverpool, which was established especially to accommodate young children with severe mental handicaps.The costs of care in the ISU are compared to the costs of caring for chidren with similarly high levels of disability in an NHS community unit. Although the ISU is found to be initially more expensive per child than the larger NHS unit it has succeeded in its policy of finding foster homes for its children. This success is not only likely to improve the welfare of the children but will also reduce the long‐term costs of their care.The unit has not been in operation long enough to ensure that all the costs of foster care are included. However, after three years, it does seem that ISU‐based care may be no more expensive than care in a larger NHS community u

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF REHABILITATION PROGRAMMESRoy I. Brown (Editor)INSTITUTIONAL CARE AND THE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED ‐ THE MENTAL HANDICAP HOSPITALAndy AlaszewskiTHE EDUCATION OF THE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN IN NORTHERN IRELAND. A STUDY OF PROVISION IN SPECIAL CARE SCHOOLSWill Swann, Eamonn DwyerVOICE THERAPY FOR CHILDRENMoya L. Andre

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-9608    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1988.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY