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1. |
Lieber Leser |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 1-2
H. Niemann,
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ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01504.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Hygienic Applications of Biotechnical Measures in Pigs* |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 3-13
W.C.D. Hare,
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PDF (801KB)
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摘要:
Contents:A key factor in the hygienic application of embryo transfer (ET) and its associated technologies is effective risk management. This depends on knowing what the risks of infectious disease transmission are and how they can be reduced or removed. Risk assessment depends on a knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease, the procedures used in ET and its associated technologies and the results from research into infectious disease transmission by embryos or through ET.Two approaches can be taken to ensure the safe health status of the embryo: 1) by determining that the donor animals (male and female) are free from specific diseases, or 2) by ensuring that the zona pellucida (ZP)‐intact embryo is collected in a sanitary manner and handled (washed, treated, evaluated, etc.) according to recommended procedures. The former approach is applicable to diseases on which no or insufficient research has been done to determine the risk of their being transmitted by embryos or where the results of research done indicate a risk of the disease being transmitted. The latter approach is a preferred option with diseases where results of research done indicate that the risk of their being transmitted by embryos collected from infected or recovered donors is negligible. Infectious diseases for which research results indicate negligible risk of transmission by ZP‐intact (ZP‐I) embryos collected from infected or recovered donors include: pseudorabies (Aujesrky's disease), hog cholera (swine fever), foot and mouth disease, and swine vesicular disease. Infectious diseases on which insufficient research has been done include: African swine fever, vesicular stomatitis, enterovirus disease, parvouirus disease and leptospirosis. A problem associated with this approach is ensuring that procedures shown to be effective under experimental conditions are properly carried out under field conditions: the use of nationally accredited embryo collection teams may solve this problem. Healthy recipients and good record keeping are also critical factors in the hygienic application of ET.The health status of an embryo collected from a specific disease‐free donor will not be adversely affected by damage to its ZP. Where research has shown that ZP‐I embryos that have been exposed to particular pathogens are not infected or contaminated after proper washing or washing and treatment, it can be assumed that the risks of transmission of the diseases caused by these pathogens will not be increased by deliberate (micromanipulation) or accidental damage to the ZP after the washing/treatment procedures have been carried out. The risks of infectious disease transmission when embryos are produced by in vitro fertilization or blastomere transplantation to mature oocytes, followed by culture, have yet to be d
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01505.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Genetic Engineering Approaches to Pig Production* |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 14-21
B. Brenig,
G. Brem,
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摘要:
Contents:Modern biotechnology promises a number of new applications in animal breeding and production. Although conventional pig breeding has achieved a high level of efficiency and productivity numerous problems have been encountered with animal health and the loss of meat quality. Selection based on phenotypic performance data of individual animals does not take into account the importance of specific genes and their relevance within a complex regulatory system. In most cases it is therefore difficult to trace back the genetic origins of clinically important disorders. The application of genetic engineering techniques in pig production will facilitate diagnosis, improvement of productivity, and animal health by allowing direct genetic manipulation. Attention must be focussed on the physical and genetic analysis of the procine genome. The isolation and characterisation of genes, DNA‐markers, polymorphic DNA‐fragments, and their chromosomal assignment will be important prerequisites and tools for the elucidation of genetic disorders. Especially the detection of heterozygous carriers of recessive disorders and their elimination from the breeding stock will increase selection accuracy and decrease the generation intervals. But also the rapid and simple detection of infectious diseases, which is sometimes difficult if not impossible at present, will improve animal health and welfare. Although the production of transgenic animals either by DNA‐microinjection into zygotes or the use of embryonal stem cells manipulated in vitro is less straightforward than DNA‐based diagnosis it will play an important role in the direct manipulation of the porcine genome and genes. Breeding programmes including the use of transgenic livestock have already been developed. There is no doubt that genetic engineering has reached a degree of practical feasibility, allowing it to play an important role in pig breeding in particular and animal production in
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01506.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Reproductive Biotechnology: Prospects and Applications in the Herd Management of Sows* |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 22-26
H. Niemann,
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PDF (318KB)
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摘要:
Contents:Biotechnological procedures are valuable tools for an efficient reproductive management in a commercial pig production. Artificial insemination, puberty induction, estrus synchronization, early pregnancy diagnosis and induction of parturition are routinely used since years already and have significant impact for the herd management of sows. Embryo transfer (ET) can also be efficiently applied. But surgical procedures are required for the recovery and transfer of embryos. ET related biotechniques such as cryopreservation of ova and embryos, in vitro production of embryos, cloning and gene transfer are still at an experimental stage but will most likely gain significance shortly.
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01507.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen in Ewes at Different Times of the Breeding Season |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 27-30
K. Andersen Berg,
J. Aamdal,
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摘要:
Contents:Totally 13575 ewes of two different breeds, Dala and Spel, were inseminated with semen, frozen in straws and thawed at 70°C for 8 sec. An insemination dose of 0.2 ml containing approx. 150 × 106spermatozoa with at least 45 to 50% progressive motility was imerted 5 to 12 mm into the cervix. The insemination was performed once between 12 and 30 h after the onset of heat. The NR rate of the Dala ewes increased significantly during the season. The NR rate of the ewes inseminated before 15. November was 44.3%, from 15. to 20. November 52.2%. from 20. to 25. November 55.3% and from 25. November and later 61.4%. The corresponding values for the ewes of the Spel breed were 57.3, 58.7, 61.5 and 71.0% respectively, and only the difference between the two last values was statistically significant. The difference between the fertility of the two breeds was significant within each of the period
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01508.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Einflüsse von Prostatasekret und Verdünner auf die Spermienmotilität und ATP‐Konzentration sowie die Aktivität der sauren und alkalischen Phosphatase von Beagle‐Samen* |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 31-41
Anne‐Rose Günzel‐Apel,
B. Ekrod,
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摘要:
Inhalt:In frisch gewonnenem und 24 Stunden bei + 5°C gelagertem Sperma von fünf gesunden Beagle‐Rüden wurde der Prozentsatz vorwärtsbeweglicher Samenzellen, die Lebensdauer der Spermien im Deckglaspräparat, die ATP‐Konzentration und die Aktivität der sauren und alkalischen Phosphatase bestimmt. Die spermienreiche Ejakulat‐phase wurde unverdünnt sowie rnit Prostatasekret bzw. einem Tris‐Eidotter‐Medium verdünnt. Der Anteil vorwärtsbeweglicher Samenzellen betrug im frischen unverdünn‐ten Sperma 64,4%, nach Zusatz von Prostatasekret 68,4% und nach Verdünnung mit Tris‐Eidotter‐Medium 74,8%. Er sank innerhalb von 24 Stunden auf 31,6%, 20,4% bzw 59,2 % ab. Die Lebensdauer der Spermien im Deckglaspräparat betrug nach 0 bzw. 24 Stunden im unverdünnten Samen 10s bzw. 3,1 Minuten, in den mit Prostatasekret versetzten Proben 5,3 bzw. 0, 7 Minuten und nach Zusatz von Tris‐Eidotter‐Medium 99,0 bzw. 65,1 Minuten. Die ATP‐Konzentration lag entsprechend in der unverdünnten spermienreichen Phase bei 19,5 bzw. 9,7 nmolf108Spermien, nach Zusatz von Prostatasekret bei 16,0 bzw. 6,5 nmol/108Spermien und in den mit Tris‐Eidotter‐Medium vermischten Proben bei 44,6 bzw. 37,8 nmolf108Spermien. Die Aktivitat der sauren Phosphatase, welche im frischen unverdünnten Samen durchschnittlich 136,8 U/laus‐machte, erfuhr durch die Vermischung mit Prostatasekret eine Steigerung auf 212,6 U/l, während die Verdunnung mit Tris‐Eidotter‐Medium eine Reduktion auf 89,1 U/l her‐beiführte. Für die alkalische Phosphatase war eine Aktivitätsverringerung sowohl nach Zusatz von Prostatasekret als auch von Verdünner zu verzeichnen (von 409,1 auf 211,3 bzw. 217,2 U/l). Die 24stündige Lagerung der Samenproben bei+5°C hat
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01509.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
Reproduction in Native Egyptian Cows: Caruncles and Placentomes |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 42-46
M.M. Wahid,
N.A. Hemcida,
M.R. Shalash,
E.M. Lsmail,
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摘要:
Inhalt:Fortpflanzung bei einheimischen Kühen in Ägypten: Karunkel und PlazentomeAussehen, Anzahl, Durchmesser und Anordnung der Karunkel nicht gravider Rinder‐uteri und der Plazentome tragender reinrassiger äaptischer Kühe wurden untersucht. Die Karunkel sind im allgemeinen in 3–5 Reihen über das Uterushorn verteilt, die Verteilung im Bereich des Uteruskörpers ist unregelmäβig. Ein Vergleich der Vertei‐lungsmuster zwischen beiden Hörnern weist auf keinen Unterschied hin. Allerdings ist der Durchmesser der Karunkel auf dem rechten Horn signifikant gröβ (p = 0,05) als auf dern linken Horn. Anzahl und Gröβe der Plazentome uariieren individuell je nach Trächtigkeitsstadium. Verglichen zum nicht tragenden Gebärmutterhorn sind die Plazentome auf der tragenden Seite insbesondere im mittlere
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01510.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Book Reviews/Buchbesprechungen |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 47-51
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摘要:
Book review in this ArticleBrown, J.H./S. Pilliner/V. Powell‐Smith: Pferde‐Management für Halter, Züchter, Trainer.BLV Verlagsgesellschaft München, Wien, Zürich. 1988. 303 Seiten, 2 s/w‐Fotos. 77 Zeichnungen, Format 15,8 × 23,1 cm, fest gebunden, DM 58, E. Kallweit, MarienseeGroßklaus, D.: Rückstände in von Tieren stammenden Lebensmitteln. Paul Parey Ver‐lag, Berlin und Hamburg, 1988, 183 Seiten mit 35 Abbildungen und 61 Tabellen. Gebunden DM42‐, ISBN 3–489–62614–1Lehninfer, A.L.: Prinzipien der Biochemie. Walter de Gruyter&Co., Berlin. New York 1987. Übersetzt von Gislinde Peters und Dieter Neubert; 1117 Seiten, zahlreiche zwei‐farbige Abbildungen und Trabellen, Preis: DM 120‐, ISBN 3/11/008988–2Engl. Originalausgabc: Principles of Biochcmistry, Worth Publishcrs Inc‐., New York (1988)Klingholz, R. (Hrsg.): Die Welt nach Maß. Gentechnik — Geschichte, Chancen und Risiken. Georg Westermann Verlag GmbH, Braunschweig, 1988, Gebunden, 200 S., farbige Abb., DM 39,80, ISBN 3–07–50 90 97–2H. Meyer: Enzymimmunologische Meßverfahren zur Hormonanalytik. 147 Seiten, 36 Abbildungen, 16 Tabellen, Ferdinand Enke Verlag Stuttgart 1989, Enke Copythek Dhl 22,00, ISBN 3–432–97901–0Mieth, K. (Hrsg.): Biologielaborant. 4. überarbeitete Auflage, Lizenzausgabe des Verla‐ges Harri Deutsch, Thun — Frankfurt/Main — 1989. 464 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abbil‐dungen und Tabellen, Preis DM 29,80, ISBN 3–8171–1059–6Salomon, W.: Naturheilkunde für Pferde. 3. Auflage, 1989, Econ Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf. 244 Seiten. Ill., graph. Darst., DM 9,80Romeis: Mikroskopische Technik. Herausgeber: P. Böck. 17., neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, 1989. Verlag ? 697 Seiten, 49 Abb., ca. 40 Tabellen, Kunststoff‐einband. DM 148,—. ISBN 3–541–11227–1Schworer, A.: Das Islandpferd, Geschichte ‐ Zucht ‐ Haltung ‐ Sport. 1988, 96 Seiten, 36 Abb. und 29 Zeichnungen, Reihe: Franckh Reiterbibliot
ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01511.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
Announcements/Ankündigungen |
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Reproduction in Domestic Animals,
Volume 26,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 52-52
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PDF (45KB)
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ISSN:0936-6768
DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1991.tb01512.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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