ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: To study the initial cellular events in oral mucosa (tongue) of experimental hyperplastic GVHD. in order to increase our understanding of the possible pathogenic mechanisms that may be shared with eg mercury (and other drug)‐induced immunological reactions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: GVHD was induced by one iv. injection of 0.5–1 times 108BN spleen cells into (BNxLEW)F I hybrid rats. The pre‐onset stages of the developing semiallogeneic GVHD were investigated in tongue mucosa by immunohistochemistry and monoclonal antibodies.RESULTS: No detectable tissue infiltrates were found 24 h post induction. The pioneer cells appeared at day 3 and were RTIB+ICD2+and RTIB1–/CD45 (240 kD)‐/ ED I‐/CD45RC‐. At day 3, there was also a visible increase in spleen and lymph node size. Between day 3 and 7, there was a statistically significant increase of CD2+, RTIB+, TCR‐αβ+, CD4+and CD8+cells, but no increase of NKR‐PI+cells. At day 10 there were focal accumulations of CD8+and NKR‐PI+cells in subepithelial c.t. and in the basal parts of the adjacent epithelium. Animals not sacrificed earlier, showed signs of disease onset at day 11–14.CONCLUSIONS: The early inflammatory infiltrate in this GVHD model consists of activated T cells of donor origin. We suggest, that these originally ‘naive’ cells migrate initially into lymphoid tissue and following an activation (day 3) enter host's peripheral tissue. Here, (allo‐) antigen in constitutively RTIB1(and EDI) expressing connective tissue dendritic cells may be immune targets of the primed T cells. Such interaction may lead to focal inflammation (increase of CD2+, RTIB+, TCR‐αβ+, CD4+and CD8+cells) and to secondary epithelial damage execu

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVES: E‐selectin (CD62E) is an adhesion molecule that participates in the binding of leukocytes to activated blood vascular endothelium. The present study was undertaken to characterise the pattern of E‐selectin expression on epithelial cells of the gingival crevice and oral epithelium.METHODS: A panel of six anti‐E‐selectin monoclonal antibodies was reacted with cryosections of human gin‐giva and cytospins of cultured gingival keratinocytes.RESULTS Three antibodies raised against leukocyte binding epitopes of the molecule (H4/18, HI8/7, I.2B6) were reactive with gingival keratinocytes, three were negative (4DI0, BBAl, BBA2), while all six reacted with endothelial cells. Staining with H18/7 and 1.2B6 was weaker and more variable than with H4/18. In cell culture, levels of E‐selectin expression reduced slowly, and were only modestly increased by treatment with exogenous TNFα, a known inducer of E‐selectin on endothelium.CONCLUSIONS: E‐selectin epitopes are expressed on gingival keratinocytes. These binding epitopes may be involved in the traffic of leukocytes in this ti

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish a possible association between the degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) derived from rat oral tissues treated in vivo with the carcinogen 4NQO, and the expression of TGF‐β on epithelial cells and the distribution of extracellular matrix proteins (laminin‐collagen type IV).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A parent tumour showing a spectrum of differentiation was used to establish clonal subpopulations that formed differentiated SCC and undifferentiated (spindle cell phenotype) tumours following transplantation to athymic mice.RESULTS tmmunohistological findings revealed the absence of TGF‐β staining on epithelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins in spindle cell tumours. In contrast, staining of SCC revealed a significant number of TGF‐β positive cells and the presence of extracellular matrix proteins.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that there is a positive correlation between histological differentiation, TGF‐β expression and the elaboration of extracellular ma

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

TNF has diverse biological effects including a role in the immune response and growth regulatory effects.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the nature and location of cells able to synthesise and respond to TNF in oral mucosa in health and disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The location of immuno‐reactive TNF and 55‐kDa and 7s‐kDa TNF receptors was demonstrated using immunohistology. We also used RT‐PCR to help determine the sites of synthesis of this cyto‐kine in oral mucosa.RESULTS: Only occasional TNF‐positive cells were detected in normal epidermis and oral mucosa. However, this cytokine was found throughout the epithelia in oral lichen planus, leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The possible cellular sources and biological effects of TNF in these disease processes is discussed. The 55‐kDa TNFR was expressed at the cell membrane throughout the epidermis, but confined to the lower cell layers on oral mucosa. Ten of 22 SCC did not express this receptor. A significant correlation was observed between the velocity of tumour growth and absence of TNF receptors.CONCLUSIONS: The growth inhibitory and immuno‐regulatory effects of TNF may be modulated by changes in receptor expression and alterations in synthesis of this cytokine in a subgr

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential dental effects of ten new types of sugar‐free sweets formulated with Lyca‐sin or isomalt as bulk sweeteners instead of sugars.METHODS: Examination of the sweets for their acidity, fermentability by oral microorganisms, influence on the demineralisation of dental enamel, and their influence on human interdental plaque pH. compared with conventional sugar‐containing sweets.FINDINGS: The importance of reducing the levels of flavouring acids in the sweets was demonstrated. It was not straightforward to evaluate chocolate products in this system, but the potential benefits of re‐formulating fruit gums, lollipops, chew‐bars, toffee and fudge with Lycasin or isomalt in place of sugars were shown by determining their reduced acidogenicity and ferment‐ability compared with conventional confectionery.CONCLUSIONS: The extent of demineralisation of dental enamel was related to both the acidity and the fermentability of the sweets. Re‐formulating sweets with reduced acidity levels and bulk sweeteners not fermentable by dental plaque microorganisms can provide a basis for improving their potential d

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there were any recent changes in hepatitis B immunisation of dental staff, infection control or understanding of viral infections in Brazilian dentists.DESIGN: A randomised survey was conducted on 740 dentists attending the National Dental Congress in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1994.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The 740 dentists were questioned as to the presence of various viruses in saliva, the perceived risks of dental staff and long‐term sequelae, the availability and uptake of vaccines, willingness to treat virus‐infected persons, and means of infection control. Nearly 69% of respondents were female dentists, of mean age 30 years. Results were compared with a similar survey from 1990.RESULTS: Most respondents knew that HIV and hepatitis viruses could appear in saliva and almost all knew of infective risks from hepatitis B (HBV), and the availability of the vaccine. Less than half knew of the association of HBV with liver cancer. There was a four‐fold increase in those vaccinated against HBV since the low figure of 9% in 1990. Nearly two‐thirds of respondents perceived an occupational risk to dental staff from HIV, and a similar proportion were also unwilling to treat virus‐infected persons. A similar proportion also used chemical disinfection for some dental instruments.CONCLUSIONS: The results show little improvement over a 4‐year period except a much greater proportion of dentists were immunised against HBV. However, still only one third of dentists had been vaccinated, in a country with a high prevalence of infection in the general

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

OBJECTIVE Identify types, prevalence and severity of periodontal changes associated with HIV infection. DESIGN: Cross‐sectional controlled blinded study. SETTING: Open access genito‐urinary medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 794 homosexual men aged 18–65.OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence, extent and severity of probing attachment loss (PAL), pocketing, gingival ulceration, gingivitis, bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival red bands and diffuse and punctate erythema of the attached gingiva (selecteda priori).RESULTS: Prevalences in men with (n = 312) and without HIV (n = 260) were: PAL (≥l site ≥4 mm), 59.6% and 28.5% respectively (P<0.001. x2); pocketing (≥1 site ≥4 mm) 51.0% and 31.9% (P<0.001); BOP, 96.5% and 92.3% (P = 0.038); gingival ulceration. 3.2% and 1.0% (P = 0.031), red banding, 12.2% and 10.0% (P = 0.410); diffuse erythema, 12.5% and 3.1% (P<0.001) and punctate erythema, 9.6% and 1.1% (P<0.001). Decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts predicted the presence, extent and severity of PAL (P = 0.023, 0.027 and 0.060) but not pocketing. Oral candidiasis predicted the extent and severity of gingivitis and the presence of diffuse and punctate erythema (P = 0.037, 0.011, 0.002 and<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Destruction of periodontal attachment is associated with progression of HIV disease whereas pocketing is associated with HIV infection but not disease progression. Gingival ulceration is associated with HIV but gingivitis and erythema of the attached gingiva are most strongly associated with oral candidiasis. Gingival red bands were not associated with

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The roles of epithelium in the development, structure and function of the tissues of tooth support are reviewed. Epithelium is involved in initiating odontogenesis which includes the tissues of tooth support and this role is discussed. Particular attention is paid to Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and its participation in the formation of the hyaline layer on the root surface as well as its possible role in initiating the differentiation of cementoblasts. The possible functions of the epithelial cell rests are reviewed and it is concluded that as yet no function can be ascribed to them. Evidence for an increasing role for dental epithelium in tooth eruption is presented and the role of dental epithelium in establishing the dentogingival junction is discussed, with the conclusion drawn that this role is temporary.

ISSN:1354-523X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY