摘要:

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (1) to ascertain the genetic differences for cold‐tolerance traits in a series of diallel crosses among 12 maize populations grown in field experiments, and (2) to compare, in controlled environment rooms, the modification of various metabolic parameters of two sets of four F1 variety crosses which, according to the field experiments, differed largely in seedling early vigour (cold‐tolerant [Ct] vs cold‐sensitive [Cs]Fl sets). Under field conditions, cold‐tolerance adaptability, as monitored by shoot dry matter accumulation, appeared genetically controlled; moreover, considerable differences existed among genotypes. Field data suggested that shoot dry weight was a good indicator of plant adaptability to periods of unfavorable cool conditions. The growth‐chamber experiments showed that shoot dry weights of the two sets of hybrids (Ct vs Cs), were more uniform at the highest temperature regimes than under suboptimal temperatures. Moreover, the laboratory study indicated that the interval of time of attain a specific stage of development provided a meaningful and useful criterion for differentiating the capacity of maize plants to grow at low temperatures. Although a clear association between a particular metabolite and the capacity of plants to grow at low temperatures was not observed, it was of interest to note that the total N concentration in the shoot was significantly higher in the Ct plants compared to th

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBarley varieties were screened for their efficient drought enduring ability and associated characters which may be useful in breeding programmes. The characters studied were: relative water content, content of proline, chlorophyll stability index (CSI), and percentage grain loss per plant due to water stress subjected to 10 days from jointing to boot stage. Proline and chlorophyll stability index were greatly associated with drought response (r =+0.54; ‐0.49), flag leaf area (r =+0.69; ‐0.51) and, to a certain extent, with leaf number (r = ‐0.35 and +0.34). Among the studied 19 varieties of barley, only three (DL 192, DL 36, DL 3) showed high enduring ability, of these the former two fall in the early, and the last one in the late flowering group. Morphological architecture of DL 192 had gathering type tiller (narrow tiller angle), wider and floppy leaves and it also bears physiological characters (high proline and high relative water content, and low value of chlorophyll stability index) necessary for drought resistance. DL 3 and DL 36 had dispersing type tiller (wider tiller angle) and erect leaf with good leaf area/plant, but unit leaf area was low in DL 3 (relates with shading behaviour reducing water loss). Other relations of drought resistance are briefly discussed in the text. An appraisal of the various traits revealed that high proline content, and low CSI (biochemical characters), earliness, larger flag leaf area and fewer leaves per plant (morphological characters) were directly correlated with productivity of the cultivars under drought conditions. These characters could be used as a guideline for breeding drought resistant cultivars of b

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prediction of grain and stover quality parameters in maize{Zea maysL.) by near infra‐red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. A total of 110 grain and 135 stover samples originating from different genotypes and environments were assayed. Calibration equations for content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), starch (ST), and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in grain were obtained by multiple linear regression of known manual values on NIRS data from the odd numbered samples. Calibrations for CP, acid detergent fibre (ADF),in vitrodigestible organic matter according to the Tilley&Terry (IVDOM‐T&T) and the gas production (IVDOM‐Gp) method, respectively, and metabolizable energy (ME) in stover were developed analogously. Equations were validated with the evennumbered .samples and for ME additionally with the 1584 stover samples from an experiment with 66 F1hybrids tested in six environments. The coefficients of multiple determination (R2) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.80 for IVDOM‐Gp and ME in stover to 0.94 for CP in grain. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were in most cases not higher than commonly reported for conventional manual assays. With regard to the correct ranking of hybrids, prediction equations for ME applied well to stover samples from other environments with one exception. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate the quality traits investigated to a similar degree to that of conventional methods of analysis. Since NIRS is simple and safe to operate and allows rapid screening of several quality traits simultaneously, it should be particularly attractive for breeding p

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the view to study heterozygosity and heterogeneity as to their effects and interactions on yield and yield stability in maize, the following four types of population structure were formed from eight inbred lines: Homogeneous populations of homozygous plants (the eight inbred lines themselves); heterogeneous populations of homozygous plants (four blends containing four lines each); homogeneous populations of heterozygous plants (16 single crosses); heterogeneous populations of heterozygous plants (four blends containing four single crosses each, and four double crosses). This material was grown in three environments (years).At both levels of heterozygosity, the blends did not outyield the means of their respective components grown in pure stands. yield stability of the various structural groups was ranked differently by ecovalence and the mean square for deviations from regression. By transforming the deviation mean squares into coefficients of variation it was possible to reveal improvements of stability not only by heterogeneity but also by heterozygosity, and additionally, an interaction of both factors in the sense of a diminishing return.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHybridizations were made betweenbeta vulgarisand three wild species of thepatellaressection being resistant to the best cyst nematode{heterodera schachtii). Monosomic addition lines (2 n = 19) with full nematode resistance were investigated together with wild beets by means of electrophoretical techniques. One alkaline esterase band and a complex of several acidic esterase bands were localized on the resistance‐carryingB. procumbenschromosome. The alkaline esterase marker also appeared inB. patellarisaddition lines. An aconitase double band was visible in two of fourB. webbianaaddition lines. One resistant monotelosomic addition line with a smallB. procumbensfragment had lost the esterase gene. Evidence is given that more than one chromosome is carrying genes for nematode resistance. The use of electrophoretic screening together with a nematode testing program is discusse

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo influence the expression of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), different clone members of male sterile genotypes of chives were treated with different chemicals, especially antibiotics which are known to act as protein synthesis inhibitors. A remarkable number of male sterile plants turned to partial or full male fertility after the treatment with tetracycline HCl and tetracycline base. Pollen grains produced by tetracycline on male sterile plants were viable and able to fertilize the egg cells. By using the perennial nature ofAllium schoenoprasumL. it could be shown that the fertility induced on male sterile plants by tetracycline is reversible. This could be of practical importance for the multiplication of male sterile parents in hybrid breeding. None of the chemicals had any effect on the fertility of male fertile plants. Differences in reaction indicated that genetic differences exist between male sterile plants responding to tetracycline and those which do not.The results are discussed in view of the influence of tetracycline on the mitochondrial protein biosynthesis.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAndrogenetic doubled haploid spring barley lines (DH‐lines) were compared in field experiments with their pedigree‐selected sister lines (PD‐lines). The PD‐lines resemble a selected proportion of 1 % (10−2) or less of the original complete F2‐population. By comparison, an average of 10 DH‐lines were recovered from 10,000 anthers X>1,000 microspores, i.e. at least 107microspores per cross. The average success rate was therefore approximately 10−6.Both PD‐ and DH‐families showed similar levels of performance with regard to all the characters studied, although no conscious selection had been applied in deriving doubled haploid progeny. Therefore, it is concluded that the regenerated microspore‐progenies may be the result of unconscious selection among the large numbers of

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnthers ofBrassica nigra, excised from fresh as well as cold‐pretreated (3 days at 3 ± 2°C) buds cultivated on modified B5medium (Gamborget al. 1968) containing sucrose level varying from 2 % to 10 %, along with 1O−6M BAP (benzylaminopurine) and 9 × 10−6M 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), developed calli and/or embryos. The latter response was observed only in anthers reared on media containing 6%or higher levels of sucrose. On media containing two or four per cent sucrose, the anthers produced calli, exclusively. The growth of embryos was inhibited or else they started callusing if left on the media containing higher levels of sucrose. However, on transfer to MS medium (Murashigeand Skoog1962), containing 2 % sucrose, embryos started callusing and subsequently a few secondary embryos differentiated. Such embryos were sub‐cultured on MS + 5 × 10−6M BAP + 2 % sucrose, wherein numerous shoots developed from embryos. The shoots were rooted by transferring to a medium containing 5 × 10−6M NAA (naphthalene acetic acid). Within two months of culture, some of these plants start

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree somatic hybrids obtained by fusion of protoplasts fromBrassica oleraceaandB. campestriswere analyzed by gel electrophoresis and compared with their respective parental species. By comparing multiple forms of esterases and phosphorylases it could be demonstrated that in all cases the hybrid plants contained one or more enzymes from each parent.

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInheritance of white rust resistance was studied in two crosses between resistant (R) and sensitive (S) types ofBrassica juncea, namely EC 12749 בParkash’ (R × S) and EC 12749 בVaruna’ (R × S) under conditions of normal and late sowing. Analysis of six generations revealed the importance of additive, dominant and epistatic effects. Disease was more prevalent under late sowing due to favourable environment. Reciprocal recurrent selection is advocated for exploiting the additive and non‐additive gene effects for resistance

ISSN:0179-9541    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY