摘要:

ABSTRACT.Honeybees rapidly became adapted to synthetic alarm pheromone components dispensed within their hives, and were less; inclined to sting both unmarked targets and targets marked with the; alarm pheromone. The possible application to beekeeping is discussed.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A study of the individual variability in the length of intermoult periods allows correlations to be established between reproductive and moulting cycles in adult females ofThermobia domestica(Packard) (Thysanura, Lepismatidae). By keeping the females without or with males and by changing the day of insemination, it is shown that the intermoult periods vary with the rate of ovarian maturation from the beginning of each stadium. Females with slow oocyte growth are never inseminated, even in the presence of males; they have short intermoults. Females with rapid oocyte growth can be inseminated and the timing of insemination regulates the length of the intermoults. It appears that the variability in duration of the intermoult only concerns the first part of the stadium (postecdysial period of the reproductive cycle=period of intense vitellogenesis), whereas the second part of the stadium (pre‐ecdysial period=previtellogenesis) has an almost constant length. The endocrine mechanisms involved are considered, taking into account the cyclic changes in hormonal levels already described in other paper

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Positive phonotaxis to tape recorded conspecific song by males of the katydidNeoconocephalus affinis(Beauvois) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) was studied in the field, in Puerto Rico.N.affinismales stridulated loudly during evening hours, and most males were territorial. Aggression between neighbours occurred, albeit rarely, and playback experiments using tape recordings ofN.affinissong showed that aggressive behaviour, in the form of jumps directed toward a loudspeaker, could be elicited from a male by song broadcast above a threshold sound intensity. Response thresholds for different males varied from 76 to 93 dB, intensities that corresponded to calculated inter‐neighbour distances of 1.6‐0.26 m, respectively. Insects that had lower response thresholds were on average more isolated from neighbours and also stridulated more persistently and at a higher sound intensity than insects with higher response thresholds.N.affinismales displayed no phonotaxis toward the song ofNeoconocephalus maxillosus, a sympatric species whose song is similar to that ofN.affinisin principal frequency but differs in wingstroke rate. Phonotaxis toward conspecific song could only be elicited from males while they were sil

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The (R)‐(‐)‐3‐octanol from the mandibular glands ofMyrmicaants is the only enantiomer active as an attractant pheromone forM.scabrinodisNyl. The S enantiomer is inactive and its presence decreases slightly the response ofM.scabrinodisto the R enantiomer. (R) and (S)‐2‐octanol a

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The influence of nucleic acid constituents on the rate of ingestion of charcoal powder filtered from ambient water by larvae ofCulex pipiensL. was examined. All nucleotides tested stimulated ingestion to some extent. Various mono‐, di‐ and tri‐phosphates of adenosine were most effective and at concentrations of 1 mM stimulated ingestion nearly as well as yeast extract, a powerful phagostimu‐lant. Guanylic, thymidylic, cytidylic and uridylic acids were less stimulatory, the latter two even at 10 mM. Cyclic AMP and deoxyadenylic acid were less effective than other adenine nucleotides. The nucleosides adenosine, guanosine and uridine were almost as effective as their corresponding nucleotides (adenylic, guanylic and uridylic acids); thymidine was less effective than thymidylic acids, whereas cytidine was non‐stimulatory. Adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine, the bases of the ribose nucleotides, were non‐phagostimulatory, whereas thymine, base of the deoxynucleotide, thymidylic acid, caused low but significantly increased ingestion. These findings are compared with the reported phagostimulation by nucleic acid constituents of certain plant feeding insects and with the stimulation of engorgement of the blood meal by many blood feed

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effects of sex, age and mated state on average flight speed, duration and distance were determined for potato moths,Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), tethered to flight mills. Moths were classified as non‐fliers (NFs), good‐fliers (GFs) and remaining‐fliers (RFs) on the basis of their performance over the first two flights. Some moths flew for over 5 h non‐stop, while others tethered overnight flew between 20 and 30 km. Speed, duration and distance flown were greater during the first flight. First flight duration and distance flown by females decreased with age, whereas no trend was evident for males. Mated males and females flew slower first flights with increasing age, whereas virgin moths showed no marked trend. The analysis of fliers and NFs revealed that GFs were heavier than both RFs and NFs, GFs were faster than RFs, the percentage of NFs increased with age especially for mated females, and the percentage of GFs decreased with age. Age and mated state are important factors influencing flight performance especially for female moths. The relevance of these results to the field situation and the possible application of tethered flight to tests of potato moth quality are di

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.FemaleSpodoptera exempta(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths require access to water to achieve hydration and maturation of their oocytes if they are to achieve their potential fecundity. For moths provided with water, the main factor limiting fecundity is moth weight. There is some evidence that sucrose in the adult diet can increase fecundity, particularly in lighter moths from a suboptimal larval feeding regime. Moths fed sucrose live longer, but complete oviposition at about the same age as moths provided only with water. Dietary protein and amino acids have no effect on fecundity or longevity. Although‐ multiple matings are frequent in the laboratory, femaleS.exemptaonly need to mate once to complete oviposition. Differences are apparent in the relative contribution of larval and adult feeding to reproduction in Noctuidae. Some species, likeS.exempta, require only water to achieve their reproductive potential, while others (e.g.Heliothisspp.) are dependent on sugars in the adult diet. FemaleS.exemptadenied access to water or food until night 3 after eclosion and then provided with water or sucrose, commence oviposition on night 4 and have fecundities comparable with those moths fed from emergenc

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Topical application of a juvenile hormone (JH1) and the JH mimic, kinoprene, to short‐day, ovipara‐producers ofMegoura viciaeusually leads to the production of oviparous/viviparous intermediate forms in the progeny sequence, in place of the expected sexual females (oviparae). The ovaries of these abnormal forms may contain embryos rather than the haploid yolky eggs of oviparae; ‘mixed’ ovaries containing both haploid eggs and embryos are also observed. The intermediates range in form from winged (alate) to wingless (apterous). The fully alate individuals usually contain only parthenogenetic ovaries but differ from the naturally occurring alate viviparae in that they are invariably infertile, have fewer antennal sense organs and often bear pheromone releasing glands on the metathoracic tibiae. The hormonally induced production of normal viviparae is difficult in this species but has been achieved by rearing short‐day aphids on kinoprene‐treated bean plants.InAphis fabaesimilar oviparous/viviparous teratomorphs have been reported and, in addition, single JH1 treatments were shown to induce normal viviparae at the end of the progeny sequence. Multiple applications, beginning prenatally and continuing through the postnatal development of the gynopara (winged ovipara‐producer), showed that the numbers of viviparae born were related to the earliness of the treatment and to the dosage. The results are compared with the effect of a switch in photoperiod and discussed in relation to the endocrine control of aphid

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The digestion of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) pollen by adult worker honeybees (Apis melliferaLinn.; Hymenoptera: Apidae) was initiated at the germination pores. 30 min after feeding, pollen had reached the anterior midgut and the germination pores had become swollen. This permitted further removal of protoplasm during the next 2 h of digestion as the pollen passed into the middle portion of the midgut. 3 h after feeding, pollen grains had reached the posterior midgut where some had ruptured to release both ‘naked’ protoplasm and masses of protoplasm but many remained intact or were only partially digested; undigested pollen grains passed unchanged to the rectum. The lipid‐rich pollenkitt layer was removed from the exine during digestion. Our studies indicate that dandelion pollen was not utilized completely by hone

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Flying male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana[Clem.]) moths responding to virgin females and to synthetic pheromone in a wind tunnel maintained a constant rate of upwind progress when held by moving optomotor cues at a constant distance from the pheromone source. When allowed to progress upwind to the source, however, they slowed their upwind speed progressively as they approached it. They also adjusted their flight speed to maintain similar rates of upwind progress at different wind speeds.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY