摘要:

ABSTRACT.A high level of sexual receptivity was displayed by females ofLucilia cuprina(Wied.) following the ingestion of a known amount of a standard preparation of a protein‐rich material (liver exudate), in addition to sucrose and water. A similarly high level of receptivity resulted from the ingestion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) plus a low molecular weight (MW) fraction of the liver exudate, or BSA plus an inorganic salt mixture, provided that the amount of BSA ingested equalled that of protein in the ingested exudate, the amount of low MW fraction was the same as that in the exudate, and the ingested salt mixture contained the same amounts of Na+, K+, Mg++and Ca++as were in this amount of low MW fraction. Substantial but less pronounced increases in receptivity followed the ingestion of equivalent amounts of BSA or low MW fraction alone. Receptivity was slightly increased by the ingestion of the inorganic salt mixture. When females were fed smaller quantitatively equivalent amounts of liver exudate or one or other of the two mixtures in the presence of low MW components, BSA was as effective, in inducing receptivity, as the high MW (protein) fraction of liver exudate, and the salt mixture was as effective as the low MW fraction when ingested together with protein. Receptivity correlated well with the mean ovarian developments of the groups of females which fed on the different materials. However, some lack of correlation at the level of individuals indicates that the control mechanisms for the two are at least partially distinc

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Alkanes, diethyl ether, and various other organic solvents proved to be potent stimulants of development in diapausing pupae ofSarcophaga crassipalpisMacquart and ofManduca sexta(Johansson). Topical application of 2μl or vapour exposure for 1–2h was sufficient stimulation for the flies, but the solvent had to be injected to elicit the response in the hornworms. In flies, oxygen consumption increased nearly 100‐fold within 15 min of hexane application, and thereafter persisted at non‐diapause levels. Sensitivity of fly pupae to hexane remained high throughout diapause but acetone sensitivity dropped sharply after the second day in diapause. Acetone applied the day before the onset of diapause averted diapause in flies, and topical application to hornworm larvae 3 days before pupation likewise prevented pupal diapause. Debrained pupae failed to respond to solvent treatment, and we conclude that it is the brain, rather than the prothoracic gland, that responds directly to stimu

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The literature contains contrary reports with respect to the control of the proboscis extension of blowflies in response to stimulatory solutions. Control could be effected centrally, peripherally or by a combination of both. In this report a comparison of (i) behavioural responsiveness to sucrose (measured by tarsal thresholds for proboscis extension) and (ii) sensitivity of tarsal sugar receptors (measured from 0.1 to 1.1 s after stimulus onset) both before and 1 h after feeding of maleProtophormia terraenovaesuggests that the observed decrease in behavioural responsiveness after feeding is due to central inhibition rather than to a decline in peripheral sensitivity.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The calling and courtship songs of 17‐year cicadas and of Say's cicadas differ both in the sound frequency spectrum and in temporal pattern. Multiunit recordings with hook electrodes from the whole auditory nerve show that the hearing organs are especially sensitive to transient stimuli occurring in natural sounds. Artificially produced clicks elicit bursts of spikes synchronized among various primary sensory fibres. These fibres respond to natural calling and courtship songs with a specificity dependent on carrier frequency, rhythm and transient content of the sound, following sound pulses (i.e. tymbal actions) up to repetition rates of 200 Hz. An ascending, plurisegmental interneurone was characterized by intracellular recording and simultaneously stained with cobalt. Its main arborization spatially overlaps the anterior part of the sensory auditory neuropile, and the axon was traced as far as the prothoracic ganglion. Direct input from primary auditory fibres was suggested by latency measurements. Intracellular recordings from such neurons in different species show distinct auditory input, with phasic‐tonic spike responses to tones. In general, the interneurone response is more species‐specific to calling than to courtship songs, and the preferential response to the conspecific calling song is based primarily upon sound frequency co

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The imaginal ecdysis of the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria(Fo̊rsk.), is described in detail. Ecdysis is considered to begin when the fifth instar nymph ceases to feed and to end when the adult takes its first meal. It is here divided into six stages: Stages 1 and 2 constitute the pre‐emergence behaviour; Stages 3 and 4, emergence; Stage 5, the expansion of the new cuticle; and Stage 6, the post‐expansional behavi

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Endogenously‐generated motor programmes were found to underlie the repetitive patterns of muscular activity that perform specific tasks prior to and during adult emergence in locusts. Several of these motor programmes are described. Emergence is brought about by the action of waves of longitudinal segmental contraction that pass anteriorly along the abdomen, working the animal forward out of its old cuticle. Additional motor programmes assist in the extrication of the legs and mouthparts. During ‘Stage 3’ (Hughes, 1980a) emergence behaviour is organized into repeating units, defined as bouts. The metathoracic ganglion times the expression of concurrently‐active motor programmes so that they bear definite phase relationships one to another within a bout. Each bout is functionally divisible into three phases, each of which contributes differently to the emergence of the animal. Bout period and the duration of ‘Stage 3’ are both under sensory control in relation to the progress o

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Age‐specific and lifetime dry mass budgets were estimated for mated and virgin adult milkweed bugs,Oncopeltus fasciatus(Dallas) Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), fed air‐dried milkweed seeds (Asclepias syriacd) in the laboratory at LD 14:10 and 23°C. Relative consumption rate (RCR) of all bugs was high during the first 8 days posteclosion (teneral period) as their fresh weight, dry weight, and fat content increased. Thereafter, the physiological syndrome associated with reproduction in mated females was indicated by their higher RCR, earlier and greater rate of egg production, greater lifetime relative metabolic rate and higher net and gross production efficiencies than virgin females and males. Males tended to live longer than virgin and mated females, which had similar lifespans. Mated females weighing less at eclosion remained lighter in weight on the day of mean peak weight, but food consumption, egg production and lifespan were independent of body‐weight over a 25% range. Input of nymphal reserves or male reproductive secretions to egg production is probably minor in comparison with the adult female's food budget. The high proportion of the food budget allocated to egg production by mated females ofO.fasciatusis consistent with its migratory, colonizing lif

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In measurements of the air pressure in the cephalic air‐sacs of the blowfly,Calliphora vicinaR.‐D., negative correlations between air pressure and proboscis extension and retraction were observed, confirming that both extension and retraction are direct muscular actions, extension not being caused by a pneumatic mechan

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The origin of free glycerol in diapausing eggs ofBombyx moriwas examined using14C‐glycerol as a tracer. When14C‐glycerol was injected into 5‐day‐old female pharate adults to label the egg lipids, radioactivity was recovered in glycogen as well as in total lipids in newly laid eggs, but the specific radioactivity in lipid glycerol was 2.5 times higher than that in glycogen. When eggs entered diapause, radioactivity in glycogen decreased rapidly and a concomitant accumulation of sorbitol occurred, implying the conversion of glycogen into sorbitol at the initiation of diapause. Radioactivity in total lipids decreased slowly but significantly, and in free glycerol increased steadily during the diapause period. The sum of recovered radioactivity in these components remained almost constant throughout diapause. The specific radioactivity (cpm/C‐atom) of free glycerol was clearly lower than that of lipid glycerol but higher than that of glycogen or sorbitol. It was calculated that about 30% of free glycerol was derived from lipid glycerol in the diapau

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

THE GENETICS AND BIOLOGY OFDROSOPHILA, Vol. 2c. Edited by M. Ashbumer and T. R. F. WrightCHEMICAL ECOLOGY: ODOUR COMMUNICATION IN ANIMALS. SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS, PRACTICAL USES AND ECONOMIC PROSPECTSADVANCES IN INSECT PHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 14. Edited by J. E. Treherne, M. J. Berridge and V. B. WigglesworthBIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION. By Andrew FergusonBIOCHEMISTRY OF INSECTS. Edited by Morris RocksteinSKELETAL MUSCULATURE IN LARVAL PHASES OF THE BEETLEEPICAUTA SEGMENTA(COLEOPTERA, MELOIDAE). By Angel Berrios‐Ortiz and Richard B. Seland

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY