ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA receptor found mainly on the antero‐dorsal regions of the first‐instar nymph of Schistocerca gregaria is described. The fine structure of the sensillum and its associated cells is described and its possible functions discussed in relation to its unusual struct

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnmatedDysdercus superstitiosus(F.) were maintained (a) isolated, (b) in single‐sex pairs or (c) in groups of twenty. Their flight performance (tethered) and pre‐oviposition period were then studied in the laboratory. Females kept in pairs or in groups of twenty did not fly beyond day 5 after emergence, the pattern of flight in these non‐isolated virgins differing little from that reported for mated females. In isolated females, however, flight persisted until day 7. Isolation did not affect the numbers of males flying, but fewer long flights (>30 min) occurred. Oviposition began a day later in the isolated females than in the crowded or paired ones (day 7–8v, day 6–7). It is suggested that these effects of isolation on flight and oviposition are the result of the reported depression of feeding following isolation, and serve in the field to improve aggregation a

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs in other phaneropterine bush‐crickets, both male and female Leptophyes punctatissima can stridulate. Stridulation in the female, which had previously been overlooked, occurs in response to the male call. The main frequency of the very brief chirps is around 40 kHz. The male is stimulated to chirp more frequently by receiving response chirps from the female. Unlike most Tettigoniidae the male moves toward the female and is thus dependant on her response signal. Communication can occur over distances of at least 5 m. Some structures involved in stridulation in the female differ from that described in other phaneropterines.The insects used in these experiments were all reared in the laboratory from wild‐caught parents. Between forty and fifty different insects were used at various times for laboratory studies on the song, and four different males and three females were used on the field communication experiments. The sexes were kept separate from the moult to adult or for at least 10 days before experime

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behaviour of walking honeybees in small gradient odour fields was investigated by means of a simulation technique. The bee was kept in one place by a locomotion compensator (‘running sphere’). This compensator allowed for a precise reconstruction of the bee's actual locomotion on the sphere, and presented the bee with a stimulating odour whose concentration was controlled by feedback from the reconstructed locomotion. This rendered possible the application of well‐defined odour fields and revealed that: (1) honeybees are capable of finding odour sources in the absence of optical cues and with concentration gradients too small to allow tropotactic or klinotactic orientation; (2) bees are capable of memorizing odour concentrations with a high degree of accuracy; (3) this orientation system is based on a switching over from negative to positive anemotaxis at a ‘reference’ concentration; (4) this reference is a function of the odour concentration at which a sugar reward is given. The results do not support any hypothesis for an orientation system based on the detection and comparison of successive values of odour concentration. A hypothesis on the nature of the ‘reference value’ is discussed and supported b

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe normal internal hydrostatic pressure and the additional pressure necessary to rupture the egg shell was measured in the eggs ofChortoicetes terminifera, Newly laid white eggs burst atc0.15 kg cm‐2, but after external tanning the chorion withstandsc0.5 kg cm‐2when removed from its tanned foam ‘corset’ and 1.0 kg cm‐2if left embedded in the egg pod material. Older eggs with formed cuticles often withstand 2.0 kg cm‐2but yield at rather lower pressures if they develop ‘pin‐holes’. As the OP of the egg contents always exceeds 7.7 kg cm‐2the rigidity of the wall is clearly insufficient to permit the generation of high hydrostatic pressures capable of preventing water entry during the non‐absorbing phases of development. Real hydrostatic pressures are lower than 0.06 kg cm‐2in the young intact egg and reach onlyc0.5 and 0.3 kg cm‐2, respectively, during the absorptive and post‐absorptive phases of development.Several events contribute to the sigmoid form of the water uptake curve. Water is at first excluded by a permeability barrier associated with the chorion. Absorption is delayed until the yolk is completely enclosed by the serosal cell layer. After undergoing cleavage, the yolk is then rapidly mobilized to furnish precursors for cuticle synthesis; in consequence, the internal OP rises from δ 0.76d̀K to 0.93d̀K despite the massive inflow of water which is governed by the osmotic gradient. At blastokinesis the serosa becomes detached from the cuticle; cuticle deposition and yolk mobilization are halted, the OP falling rapidly tocδT 0.53d̀K. The bulk entry of water then ceases. Any excessive hydrostatic pressures which develop later are relieved by the forma

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStomoxys calcitranswere fed on rabbits previously immunized with various of the fly's tissues. Mortality after 15 days of daily feeding on rabbits immunized with flight muscle proteins was twice that of the control flies fed on an untreated rabbit. Other effects included paralysis of the legs, unequal deposition of the endocuticle, and reduced post‐emergence growth. The intensity of these lesions varied with the fly tissues used to immunize the rabbits; thoracic muscles caused the most damage. The antibodies produced by the rabbits were nonspecific, since feeding on rabbits immunized only with Stomoxys tissues increased mortality inGlossina movsitansals

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY