摘要:

ABSTRACT.Christophers' stages of ovarian development are elaborated and redefined to provide a more useful descriptive tool for mosquito physiology. Vital staining is advocated to help identify the earliest stages of vitellogenic follicles. By use of vital staining it has been confirmed that in Aedes aegypti (L.) early vitellogenic ovaries contain negligible numbers of dormant follicles, and that fecundity is correlated with food intake by regulated resorption of developing follicles. The concept of developmental gates in mosquito oogenesis is discussed.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two odour receptor cells were physiologically identified within male antennal hair sensillae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L, and the nun moth, L. monacha L. In the gypsy moth, one cell responded to (+)‐disparlure, while a neighbouring cell responded to (‐)‐disparlure. In the nun moth both cells responded to (+)‐disparlure. The lack of sensitivity to (‐)‐disparlure in the nun moth was corroborated by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, which indicated no affinity to this enantiomer. Single cell responses of male gypsy moth to different concentrations of the synthetic enantiomers of disparlure were then compared to responses elicited by hexane extracts of female glands of both species. The gypsy moth's extracts stimulated almost exclusively the receptor cell specialized for (+)‐disparlure, while both cells were simultaneously stimulated by the extracts of the nun moths. From the response characteristic of the cells it is estimated that pheromone production of the nun moth is about 10% (+) and 90% (‐)‐disparlure, and that of the gypsy moth is almost 100% (+)‐disparlure. Stimulation of the antenna of each species by female gland extracts of both species did not indicate the presence of receptors for other hexane elutable pheromone component

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The influence of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the ventilatory rhythm of the hellgrammite Corydalus cornutus L. (Megaloptera) was studied. In intact animals the frequency of rhythmic retractions and protractions of abdominal gills is increased by hypoxia (10% O2, 90% N2) but no ventilatory response is elicited by hypercapnia (1–5% CO2, 20% O2, 75–79% N2).The ventilatory motor pattern was examined by recording extracellularly from the gill retractor muscle or its efferent nerve. In response to hypoxia (8% 02, 92% N2), there are decreases in the cycle‐time, the interspike interval, and the burst length of the gill retractor motorneuron. In addition, previously quiescent motorneurons associated with gill protraction are recruited.Individual ganglia or small groups of abdominal ganglia can be isolated both from the central ganglionic chain and from the periphery by selective cutting of roots and connectives. When exposed to hypoxia, preparations that include the first abdominal ganglion show characteristic changes in the ventilatory motor pattern similar to those in intact animals. Thus sensitivity to oxygen appears to be located centrally and not peripherally. In small animals (head width9 mm), chains of ganglia lacking abdominal ganglion 1 fail to respond. In larger animals oxygen sensitivity may thus be concentrated in abdominal ganglion 1, whereas in smaller animals the ability to initiate a ventilatory response to hypoxia is distributed among the abdomina

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Horizontal head movements of the praying mantis, Sphodromantis lineola Burm., were recorded continuously. They responded to the presence of a live blowfly prey in the antero‐lateral visual field with a rapid saccadic head movement. The angular movement of a fixation saccade was correlated positively to the displacement of the prey from the prothoracic midline. Saccade magnitude and velocity are related. After the stimulus moved out of the visual field, the mantis made a second saccadic head movement, a return saccade towards the body midline. We observed return saccades in which the head overshot or undershot the body midline, as well as saccades which returned the head exactly to its initial position. In 92% of trials with intact mantids, the return movement succeeded eventually in rotating the head back to its initial position, whereas after removal of the neck hair plates this occurred in only 47% of trials. There is a consistent relation between saccade extent and velocity. Velocities of return saccades were slower than those of fixation saccades. It is suggested that sensory inputs from the neck hair plate proprioceptors modify both the magnitude and the angular velocity of fixation and return saccadic head movement

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The ovipositor of the female sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), has a complement of cercal sensilla that includes long, medium and short tactile hairs, two campaniform domes, four olfactory pegs, and ten double‐channelled gustatory hairs. This sensory array is suited to assess oviposition site resources, prior to and during the laying of an egg batch.The tactile hairs and campaniform sensilla are each innervated by a single, tubular body containing dendrite. The olfactory pegs are each innervated by a single, moderately branched dendrite, which gains access to the external environment via pores at the bottom of deep grooves in the peg wall. The gustatory hairs fall into two categories. Four hairs have a single, tubular body containing dendrite at their base, and four unbranched dendrites running up to the hair tip which has a terminal pore. Six of the taste hairs have no tubular body containing dendrite at the base, and three unbranched dendrites running up to a terminal por

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Approximately fifteen gustatory sensilla are present on the galeae of adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In the SEM, these sensilla are not distinguishable morphologically, but some of them differ physiologically. All are sensitive to sucrose, while only a few respond to gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). One, called the alpha sensillum, is significantly more sensitive to GABA than the others. The same sensory cell predominates in the alpha sensillum responses to GABA and sucrose. This example of differential specificity among sensilla, in an apparently uniform sensory field, is discussed.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Effects of three alkaloids, sparteine, nicotine and quinine on galeal sensilla of larvae and adults of Entomoscelis americana Brown (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are described. Each of these deterrent compounds stimulates a cell which is stimulated also by glucosinolates (Mitchell&Gregory, 1979; Sutcliffe&Mitchell, 1980) which are feeding stimulants. They inhibit also the response of the sugar‐sensitive cell. It is suggested that the latter effect may be mainly responsible for the observed feeding deterrence caused by sparteine and implicated in the other two compounds. Possible mechanisms for the actions of these compounds are discussed with reference to work on other invertebrates. The results also lead us to suggest modification of recent interpretations of the role of secondary plant compounds in the evolution of insect chemosensitive system

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The venoms of Polistes fuscatus (subspecies fuscatus) (F.) and P. exclamans Viereck from sympatric populations in North Carolina, U.S.A., contain a pheromone which attracts males and stimulates sexual behaviour in both conspecific and heterospecific males. Males of P. fuscatus (subspecies variatus Cresson), a subspecies from Wisconsin, respond to venom of P. fuscatus fuscatus, P. exclamans, and Vespula maculifrons (Buysson) from North Carolina, although the levels of response to P. exclamans and V. maculifrons venom are less than that to P. fuscatus variatus venom.Caged Wisconsin P. fuscafus males do not attempt to mate with P. exclamans females, but will attempt to mate with conspecifics. A series of bioassays indicates that males discriminate between females of P. fuscatus and P. exclamans on the basis of chemical, rather than behavioural or visual cues. The venom apparently is not important in species recognition. Instead, the results of two sets of bioassays suggest that species recognition is mediated by a surface pheromone on the cuticle of females.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Males of Amrasca devastans (Distant) (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) emit ‘croaking’ sounds in phrases of two to six pulses which are transmitted through the plant on which the animal is feeding. Females, if present on the same plant, respond to such croaks by ceasing movements and emitting their own substrate‐borne ‘cooing’ sounds in single‐pulsed phrases. These coos stimulate the males to emit their croaks more frequently, and to commence ‘dancing’ movements, during which they approach the female (whether she is visible or not); the sounds of the two sexes alternate with each other throughout. On reaching the female, the male emits ‘snoring’ sounds and stands at her side, partly in response to seeing her and partly in response to mechanical contact. Thereafter, the male emits ‘pattering’ sounds while raising and vibrating his wings and extending the tip of his abdomen towards the female's abdomen. Finally, the genitalia of the two sexes are interlocked for copulation, during which

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella (Fabricius) (Pyralidae: Galleriinae), uses an altrasonic communication system for mate calling The male produces a 100 kHz sound by striking its tegula with the forewing. This calling sound induces virgin females to orient toward males. Although the pheromone released from the male's wing glands may stimulate kinesis in females, it does not elicit orientation. Female moths are attracted toward synthetic 40 and 72 kHz sounds which simulate the pulse length and repetition rate of the male's calling signal.

ISSN:0307-6962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY