ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms is an essential component of the evaluation of men with benign prostatic disease in clinical practice and research. Symptom evaluation is necessary for the formal evaluation of the effectiveness of treatments in randomized controlled trials and in the assessment of outcome in individuals, and can also be useful in determining the numbers of individuals in the community who might potentially require or benefit most from treatment. Increasingly, symptom assessments are being undertaken using a small number of questionnaires that are self-completed by patients and have been tested for validity and reliability.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two of the most common problems presenting to urologists are benign prostatic hyperplasia and sexual dysfunction, with an increasing number of patients presenting for treatment as a result of the proliferation of less invasive therapies. How such therapies for lower urinary tract symptoms affect sexual function in men is important to both urologists and their patients, and is the focus of this review.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of urinary flow measurement and pressure-flow studies in the diagnostic work-up of men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction is still an unresolved issue. In this paper, evidence from the peer-reviewed literature of the last 12 months is critically reviewed in the light of the recent recommendations of the 4th International Consultation on benign prostatic hyperplasia.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For assessing patients suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia and monitoring subsequent treatment, symptom questionnaires, uroflowmetry, prostate volume measurements, postvoiding residual urine volume measurements and pressure-flow studies may be used. This review highlights aspects of imaging in the assessment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, including volume determinations of prostate and postvoiding residual urine, texture imaging and biopsy guidance. Future developments are also briefly discussed.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Establishing the diagnosis in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms is complicated. Several tests have been developed, but the importance of each of these tests in the diagnostic process is not well understood. This paper describes the methods used to evaluate diagnostic tests, ranging from traditional sensitivity and specificity to more sophisticated techniques such as logistic regression and neural networks.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past year no new therapies for prostatic outflow obstruction were introduced. Instead, research focused on refinement of treatments previously available. Further reports on the efficacy and safety of α1-adrenergic receptor subtype selective agents have appeared. The long-term effects of finasteride on the natural history bladder outflow obstruction have become clearer. The clinical efficacy of device therapy has evolved, and information regarding intermediate-term outcomes is now available.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infectious diseases in renal transplant recipients are a major issue both from the medical and from the economical point of view. The major risk factor is the immunosuppressive therapy. Infections observed during the first weeks after transplantation are not different from those observed in nonimmunosuppressed patients after surgery. Infections with opportunistic pathogens, however, emerge at the beginning of the second month and are mainly determined by the allograft function.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Post-exposure prevention is a combined modality approach to reducing HIV transmission. The recommendations are based on the risk of local prevalence and on the likelihood of transmission. In the light of the severe consequences of HIV infection, post-exposure prophylaxis after occupational exposure should be recommended. The medication, consisting of a potent antiretroviral combination (two nucleoside analogues and one reverse transcriptase inhibitor), should be available within two hours.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Short-term therapy, including single-dose treatment and up to 3-day courses, can be considered the treatment of choice in premenopausal women with acute uncomplicated cystitis, because of similar effectiveness, better tolerance and compliance, and lower cost as compared with conventional therapy. Several studies with trimethoprim alone or in combination with a sulfonamide, usually sulphamethoxazole, and with fluoroquinolones with moderately long half-lives, such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin and ofloxacin, suggested that results obtained with a single dose may be inferior to those with a 3-day course, and therefore that the latter may be better. Longer therapy was not considered to be necessary. On the other hand, fluoroquinolones with longer half-lives, such as fleroxacin, pefloxacin and rufloxacin, as single-dose therapy may be as effective as other standard regimens. Fosfomycin trometamol may also be suitable for single-dose therapy. Agents that have not been shown effective in any of these short-term regimens should no longer be used for the treatment of acute cystitis.

ISSN:0963-0643    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID