摘要:

The antiaggressive action and side effects of a new neuroleptic, milenperone, were evaluated in 20 non-psychotic psychogeriatric patients by means, of a double-blind randomized pilot study in comparison with placebo. In this study, milenperone was added to the existing medication as an adjuvant. The test substance was administered in a dose of 2 × 5 mg daily for the first 3 weeks, in a dose of 2 × 10 mg daily for the following 3 weeks. The addition of milenperone to the preexisting medication decreased the aggressiveness scores, significantly on the Paranoid Belligerence Scale, not significantly on the Visual Analogue Line. The improvement of the aggressiveness scores on the Paranoid Belligerence Scale was only significantly apparent when the dose was doubled. In spite of the association with milenperone, the severity and frequency of the side effects did not increase during the investigatio

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118153

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors found that adoptive fathers of children with aggressive conduct disorder less often had alcoholism and antisocial personality than the natural fathers of nonadopted children with the same disorder. This evidence suggests that social factors which are widely held to produce the disorder are not necessary causes.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118154

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 10 patients suffering from cardiac neurosis changes in plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were studied by an upright bicycle exercise and during psychological stress. Psychometric tests were also performed. 6 healthy subjects served as a control group. At exercise, no relevant differences in blood pressure and heart rate regulation between patients and controls were present. The NE and E increase was normal and similar in both groups. During psychological stress an equal plasma NE increase was seen in both groups. During recovery, however, a sustained release of NE was present in patients. It is concluded that patients with cardiac neurosis respond to psychological stress by an inappropriate sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118155

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors present the classification of biorhythms from the cybernetic aspects. They utilize this approach in describing and explaining the clinical course of periodic diseases in general, and of primary affective disorders in particular. In more complex organisms there exists a great number of single subsystems and their interactions, and therefore more possibilities arise for the development of natural biorhythms. If the number of single subsystems is ‘n’, the number of possible interactions may reach the maximum value of’n!’. In more simple organisms the pseudobiorhythms may develop. This study focuses on the relationship of proper biorhythms to the recurrent course of illness, especially to that of primary affective disorders (PAD). Based on Fourier’s decomposition of the periodical course into single ones, the authors hypothetically explain the peculiarity of the periodic course of PAD. In addition to sine form courses, the recurrences may originate from superimpositions of courses which originate from nonlinearity of single subsystems and are not harmonic. In real biosystems, such courses are undoubtedly more frequent than purely harmonic courses. This observation does not contradict the applied mathematical model, because each of these nonharmonic periodical courses may be decomposed into the harmonic ones. The proposed hypothesis presents an alternative or a supplementary model to the prevailing hypothesis which explains the course of PAD by the desynchronization of circadian rhythms controlled by special bioos

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118156

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several experiments in which the effects of clonidine (CLN) have been studied in the rat and in man are summarized. CLN inhibits paradoxical sleep (PS) both in the rat and in man. This inhibition is followed by a rebound, but with a different time course in the two species. Wakefulness (W) is enhanced after some critical doses of CLN, and decreased after higher doses. These effects of CLN suggest that α2-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of W and PS

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118157

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bilaterally olfactory bulbectomized rats were compared with intact rats in their responsiveness to the acute and chronic administration of nomifensine and trazodone in the learned immobility test of Porsolt. No difference in the duration of immobility was found between the bulbectomized and intact rats. The duration of immobility was significantly attenuated in both the bulbectomized and intact rats after nomifensine treatment, the effect on the bulbectomized rat being greater than in the intact animals. Trazodone significantly attenuated the duration of immobility of the intact rats only after chronic (14 days) administration. Both nomifensine and trazodone significantly affected the turnover of serotonin in the amygdaloid cortex following acute administration but no changes could be detected in the parameters after chronic drug treatment.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118158

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

21 depressed patients of the Basle University Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic were treated in a double-blind study with paroxetine and amitriptyline. 11 of these patients did not continue the trial until the end of the 7th week. There was a significant difference in the number of dropouts between the two groups: 80% of the amitriptyline group did not continue until the end, while in the paroxetine group we found only 30% dropouts. The patients of both groups showed a gradual decrease of the median total scores on the Hamilton and the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scales. Although the number of patients who stayed in the trial for at least 4 weeks (8 with paroxetine, 6 with amitriptyline) is quite small, we see from the results of the clinical global impression that the members of the paroxetine group improved most of all in the somatic symptoms, while considering their moods we found no differences between the groups. Patients of both groups complained about side effects, most of all about dry mouth and tiredness. From the high rate of dropouts under amitriptyline we found that the side effects under this drug were more severe and therefore led to the dropouts.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118159

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study is a survery of psychotropic drug use patterns among 934 elderly patients admitted to the Padua Geriatric Hospital. 34% of the patients took psychotropic drugs during their stay in hospital. The drugs most commonly used are anxiolytics and hypnotics of the benzodiazepine class. Women subjects living alone, and to a lesser extent those suffering from particular disorders, as of the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal apparatus, seem to be at higher risk in the use of psychotropic drugs. Moreover, the results show that psychotropic drugs are prescribed during the stay in hospital and even on discharge to a high percentage of subjects who did not use such drugs before admission to the hospital.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118160

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The therapeutic efficacy and safety of oxiracetam (ISF 2522), a new nootropic cyclic GABA derivative, were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 40 patients with organic brain syndrome in late life. The psychopathology was characterized by memory deficits, intellectual dysfunction, lack of drive, and disturbance of affectivity. Patients were randomly assigned to a 4-week treatment with either 2 × 400 mg oxiracetam capsules t.i.d. or identical placebo capsules in the same dosing schedule. Evaluation of the psychopathology and side effects was carried out at weeks 0, 1 and 4; laboratory tests (hematology, blood chemistry and urinalysis), a battery of psychometric tests and quantitative EEG investigations were done at weeks 0 and 4. In the oxiracetam group a slight but significant improvement in global symptomatology was observed within 1 week, with further improvement after 4 weeks. In the placebo group, an improvement was seen only in the 4th week. Evaluation of the detailed psychopathology by means of the Sandoz clinical assessment geriatric scale (SCAG) showed in the oxiracetam group significant improvements in loss of appetite and vertigo after 1 week and in short-term memory, anxiety, emotional lability, fatigue, loss of appetite and vertigo after 4 weeks. In contrast, not a single item improved significantly during placebo treatment. Although the differences in SCAG scores between the two groups failed to reach statistical significance, the overall trend towards improvement was significantly better in the oxiracetam group. The tolerability of the drug was good. Psychometric investigations showed no change in the placebo group and two significant alterations (improvement in verbal memory and increased number of errors in the concentration task) in the oxiracetam group; however, differences between groups were not significant. Computer-assisted spectral analysis of the EEG demonstrated in placebo-treated patients an increase in delta and theta activity, attenuation of alpha activity, and slowing of the dominant frequency and the centroid of alpha activity. These spontaneously occurring CNS changes were either attenuated by oxiracetam or even reversed, which suggests vigilance-improving properties of the drug

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118161

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118162

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger