ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A growing body of evidence indicates that cytokines, especially interleukin-1 β, are involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the relationship between interleukin-lβ (IL-lβ) and γ-interferon (γ-IFN) production and the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Four healthy male volunteers were investigated. After one adaptation night, beginning at 8 a.m. in the morning, the EEG was recorded by means of a mobile long-term EEG and blood samples were drawn every 45 min for the analysis of IL-lβ, γ-IFN and cortisol for 24 h. For the analysis of cytokines whole blood cultures were established. After 48 h of incubation in the presence of endotoxin Salmonella typhimurium, IL-lβ and γ-IFN levels were measured in the culture supernatants using specific immunodetection assays. Methods of stochastic time series analysis were adopted to evaluate the biochemical data. Our results show the capability of cultered blood cells to produce cytokines upon endotoxin challenge to be at a maximum around the time of sleep onset and during the first hours of sleep, declining during the night to a minimum level in the morning hours. The opposite was observed for cortisol. The analysis of autocorrelation functions gives evidence of a 24-hour rhythm of cortisol and cytokines. The results indicate that the cytokines IL-1 β and γ-IFN may play a role in sleep

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty-two patients – 11 paranoid schizophrenics and 11 major depressed -were investigated by means of a hypothalamic-pituitary challenge (HPC). The latter contained insulin, TRH and metoclopramide. Response with regard to blood glucose, serum GH, PRL, TSH and cortisol were measured 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the baseline. Temporal alpha power was split into 2 groups with high and low alpha power, respectively. The aim was to see whether high cortical-limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity correlated with high temporal alpha power. Poor results were found with regard to diagnoses. Only TSH and glucose response were correlated with diagnoses. But, GH and cortisol responses reacted in relation to different alpha levels. Cell loss due to hormonal stress and consecutive mis-wiring of axons due to wrong sprouting are discussed as possible reasons for abnormal lateralized HPC respons

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It was examined whether the specific pattern of brain asymmetry in cerebral control of cortisol secretion existing in a specific individual is suitable to predict the individual’s physical health status. Results indicate that subjects with an altered, strong left hemisphere dominance of cortisol regulation show a clearly higher amount of physical complaints than subjects with a normal, strong right hemisphere dominance. In addition, results suggest that the subjects’ specific pattern of neuroendocrine brain asymmetry can be used with relatively good success to separate individuals with high versus low degrees of physical complaints and thus, probably, to predict physical complaints of an individ

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118995

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking (ImpUSS) is a major factor discovered in factor analyses of scales used in psychobiological research. It is strongly convergent with Eysenck’s P dimension and conscientiousness in the ‘big five’. The components of the dimension and the P scale, have been validated as correlates of various kinds of disinhibited behaviors, criminality, sexuality, and substance use and abuse. ImpUSS is related to a failure in passive avoidance learning, probably as a function of impulsivity and attention to reward stimuli. Psychophysiological markers for the trait include strong orienting and weak defensive reflexes and an augmenting, rather than reducing, of cortical reaction to intense stimuli. At the neurochemical level the trait is related to low levels of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and the neurotransmitters norepi-nephrine and serotonin, and theoretically high levels of dopaminergic activity. The trait components have high heritabilities for a personality

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118996

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was designed to compare the effects of a pharmacologically induced decrease in body core temperature to the effects observed with lowering of body temperature by exposure to a cold environment. Our special interest was the involvement of 5-HT in thermoregulatory responses. Sixty healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: exposure to normal ambient temperature (28 °C) and placebo, exposure to cold ambient temperature (5 ° C) and placebo, or normal ambient temperature and 10 mg of the partial 5-HT1A agonist ipsapirone. As indicators of physiological responses to lowering of body temperature, tympanic temperature, skin temperature, EMA, metabolic rate, and heart rate were monitored and saliva cortisol levels and peripheral 5-HT concentrations were determined. In addition, ratings on ambient temperature, thermal discomfort, and feelings of irritability were obtained. While lowering of body core temperature was associated with marked counterregulations (decrease of skin temperature, increase in EMA and metabolic rate) and feelings of discomfort, this was not observed with ipsapirone. An increase in cortisol levels was primarily observed in the ipsapirone group and was not reflected by respective changes in whole blood or platelet 5-HT indicating that brain and platelet 5-HT are not relate

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118997

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this paper, we describe our approach to the investigation of cholinergic modulation of human information processing. In a continuing series of studies from our laboratories, we have systematically examined the extent to which current psychological models of information processing provide an adequate framework for the interpretation of the modulatory effects of cholinergic agents on cognitive performance measures. We suggest that the data are consistent with the view of attention and memory as processes which operate through a common, limited capacity executive mechanism, rather than separable serial processes described in the traditional modular models of memory.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118998

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper proposes the structural measurement of autonomic cardiovascular activation components. In a double-blind cross-over design 48 male subjects received either placebo or a combination of 2 out of 3 partial autonomic block- (p.o.); an alpha-1-adrenergic (indoramin), an unselective beta-adrenergic (propranolol), or a cholinergic antagonist (atropine). During each of the four sessions, the same seven tasks were presented (speech, mental arithmetic, handgrip, signal detection, loud noise, cold pressor, and an anticipation period). Based on a formal model of cardiovascular activation, estimates of the parameters of the model were obtained. The resulting regulatory patterns quantitatively revealed the effects of an alpha-adrenergic, three beta-adrenergic and a cholinergic activation component on 22 cardiovascular variables.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118999

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Besides their regulation of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroidal axis, respectively, the neurohormones CRH and TRH act within the central nervous system to evoke and modulate a number of behavioral and physiological processes. In particular, an increase in the sympathetic nervous system and respiratory activity has been observed. The data communicated in this review article emphasize the role of these neurohormones with regard to the neuroen-docrine regulation of the autonomic nervous system, sleep and cognitive performance. Moreover, a possible therapeutic role is suggested by the beneficial effects in patients at risk of hypoventilation-associated disorders.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000119000

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger