摘要:

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in 20 student volunteers. Three recordings were performed using aural stimuli of 4,000 (rare tones) and 250 Hz. In the target recording subjects were asked to count the rare tones. Endogenous and exogenous components of ERP recordings were analyzed. During the target recording N2 and P3 components were observed at 200 ms and approximately 300 ms, respectively, in addition to N1 (100 ms) and P2 (180 ms). The N2 and P3 waves are indicative of analysis at a higher cognitive level and have been termed the ‘response set’. The P3 wave appeared to be stable in all subjects and may represent a useful electrophysiological method to explore mnemonic and cognitive functions in

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118331

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a study with healthy volunteers (6 monozygotic and 4 dizygotic twin pairs) we followed up diazepam serum levels and psychotropic effects of diazepam after single-dose administration. We found that pharmacokinetic properties of diazepam as well as its influence on memory and performance are probably not under genetic control. On the other hand, genetic factors seem to contribute to effects of diazepam on affectivity.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118332

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new method for numerical analysis of EEG is described. It consists of fitting the EEG with orthogonal polynomials in several steps to separate the different frequencies contained in the original recording (high-frequency noise, beta, sigma, alpha, theta, delta, low-frequency noise). The original EEG is separated into 5 different signals with cutoff frequencies at 40, 18, 4 and 0.6 Hz. The activity in these signals is classified into the usual EEG bands by zero-crossing. The results are given as integrated values over 1 s in the different EEG bands, or wave by wave, each wave being described by its time of occurrence, amplitude and duration. This method is designed for accurate amplitude measurement in the frequency bands of EEG, particularly for application in psychiatry and psychophys-iology.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118333

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Beta-adrenergic receptor function has been the subject of much research in manic-depressive illness. Lymphoblast beta receptor binding was analyzed by Scatchard plot, using cell lines established from 17 unrelated bipolar subjects and 14 normals. No significant differences in affinity or density of beta receptors were found, in contrast to a previous report. Both the affinity and density of receptors appeared to be a stable characteristic of a cell line, as determined by repeated assay of the same cell lines.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118334

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Insulin activity in plasma and the concentrations of tryptophan and serotonin were measured during the glucose tolerance test (GTT) in habitually violent and impulsive male offenders and in psychiatric personnel as controls. Insulin was enhanced in the intermittent explosive disorder; at the same time the concentration of plasma tryptophan and the ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids were on a high level and tryptophan even increased in many cases during GTT. Serotonin values did not differ. Many offenders with enhanced insulin secretion displayed abnormal neuroglycopenic symptoms during GTT.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118335

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An elevation of chromosomal aberrations has been found in the lymphocytes of alcoholics compared with those of nonalcoholics. In this study, structural aberrations of chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes of alcoholics and former alcoholics were examined in order to study the chromosome-breaking activity of alcohol and effects of long-term sobriety on chromosomal aberrations in alcoholics. We have presumed initially that chromosomal aberrations in alcoholics would remain for a long time after abstinence from alcohol. Nevertheless we found a spontaneous reduction of the chromosomal aberrations in former alcoholics who had been dry for periods of 2 years or more. These observations suggest that chromosomal aberrations appearing in alcoholics probably formed by a chronic activity of alcohol and/or its metabolic products and cellular repair mechanisms may recover within a few years of abstinence.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118336

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The performance on spatial and nonspatial associative learning tasks was tested in a sample of male drug-free DSM III-diagnosed schizophrenic patients and in a closely matched normal control group. Schizophrenics showed a worse performance on both versions of the task, but especially on the nonspatial one. A significant correlation was observed between some indices of the nonspatial task and the scores on two subscales (affective flattening and anhedonia) of the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms by Andreasen. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and with the postulated linkage between such dysfunction and negative schizophrenic symptomatology.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118337

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A comparison was made between the effects of maprotiline, the sole action of which is to inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline, of salbutamol and of viloxazine on hypothermia induced by reserpine, oxotremorine or apomorphine. The dose/effect curves in the three tests showed a similarity in profile between viloxazine and salbutamol, whereas no resemblance was evident between these two drugs and maprotiline. These facts suggest that viloxazine which has a weak effect on noradrenaline reuptake acts probably as antidepressant by betamimetic activity.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118338

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a double-blind study on 38 unselected depressive inpatients (19 per group) suffering from endogenous and psychogenic depression, oxaprotiline, a new tetracyclic compound, a hydroxilized maprotiline with a highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, was compared with clomipramine over a period of 28 days in a daily dosage of 150 mg. Both drugs were found to be approximately equivalent and with no significant differences due to the overall assessment of the reduction of depression severity and amelioration of goal symptoms. This was also reflected in the results of the Hamilton Depression Scale and the self-rating scales for depression (SDS, Bf-S, ESTA).

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118339

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We present a randomized double-blind study on the efficacy of caroverine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The group B Ca2+ channel blocking agent caroverine was tested against meprobamate in inpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Patients of both groups were similar in age, weight, duration of drinking, ingested quantities of alcohol and intensity of withdrawal symptoms in both groups. The symptoms were quantified daily by Syndromkurztest (SKT), Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), NGI; the Webster scale was applied to rate tremor, speech and coping. Duration of study was scheduled for 5 days after which other medication, e.g., levopromazine was applied if needed. As caroverine is registered and used as a spasmolytic drug in Austria, patients’ verbal consent was sufficient. In both compounds we registered no difference of clinical efficacy, though caroverine presented less sedative side effects. This may be an important factor in the treatment and management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Dose ranges were 120 mg/day vs. 2,400 mg/day of caroverine and meprobamate, respectively. Thus, drug loading and metabolism can be thoroughly reduced by the application of caroverine – another important point in treatment of alcoholism. In 4 cases of manifest delirium tremens the infusional application of caroverine was openly tested with dose ranges of 2.5–5.0 mg/kg (24 h). Clinical effects were estimated to be similar with oral application as was therapeutic efficacy. This novel indication of a group-B Ca2+ channel blocker presents an interesting feature, which seems to warrant further invest

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118340

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger