摘要:

One of the most striking developments in the framework of biological psychiatry, is the use of human as well as animal genetics’ methodology in psychiatrie research. After reviewing some basic concepts in human genetic research, we shall present the current status of our knowledge on the genetic’ determinants of the major psychoses, i.e., the affective psychoses and schizophrenia. The importance of genetic research into psychiatry can also be underscored from a biometric point of view in showing its contribution to the clarification of problem of nosology in attempting to subclassify abnormal behavior on a more etiological ba

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117532

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The lithium RBC/plasma ratio was determined in 59 patients during prophylactic lithium therapy – 10 cycloid psychotics, 28 unipolars and 21 bipolars – as well as in 20 patients during lithium therapy in phase of illness – 8 cycloid psychotics, 5 unipolars and 7 bipolars. The lithium ratio was found to be normally distributed both among patients in phase of remission and those in phase of illness. No differences in lithium ratio were found between patients in phase of remission and phase of illness, respectively. During prophylactic lithium therapy, no differences were found in the lithium ratio between patients in different diagnostic subgroups. In a correlation matrix, the lithium ratio was found to correlate to lithium in RBC but not to age, sex, type of illness, weight, lithium dosage, duration of treatment or level of lithium in plasma. The lithium level in RBC was determined only by the lithium level in plasma. Thus, the lithium RBC/plasma ratio does not seem to be of diagnostic value in affective diso

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117533

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Improvement in signs of parkinsonism and symptoms of depression was observed in a patient with Parkinson’s disease who underwent a course of ECT for depression. Empirically this patient was observed by a blind rater to show a pattern of improvement in parkinsonian signs similar to that observed in parkinsonian patients treated with L-dopa. The time course of improvement of this patient’s depression was also seen to parallel improvement in his Parkinson’s disease. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ECT increases catecholamine synthesis and more specifically would be evi-dence that ECT improves depression by increasing norepinephrine synt

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117534

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Onset defined as duration of illness prior to index admission was studied in manic and unipolar depressive patients. The manic patients were far more likely to have an acute onset when defined in this way. Of considerable interest is the fact that depression spectrum disease patients, i.e. those patients with a family history of alcoholism in a first-degree relative, were much less likely than other depressive patients to have an acute onset of their illness. In this case, the acute onset was defined as having occurred within 1 month of hospitalization.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117535

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cerebral blood flow variation patterns have been studied in 20 control subjects and in 30 schizophrenics. This study demonstrates ‘hypofrontality’ in schizophrenics and their lack of reactivity to strong verbal and somesthetic stimulati

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117536

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A survey of previous studies of aneuploid chromosome aberrations associated with aging with a discussion of the present evidence for this as well as a discussion concerning cause and effect of aneuploidy and the need for further studies of aneuploidy as a possible aetiological factor in aging and dementia are described.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117537

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of potassium against lithium intoxication was studied in two groups of rats given food containing 100 mmol of sodium and 100 or 1,100 mmol of potassium/kg dry weight. After 1 week 80 mmol of lithium chloride/kg dry weight was added to both diets. Four days later the body weight, serum lithium concentration, and urinary lithium clearance were all significantly higher in the high potassium group than in the other group. After 15 days the lithium clearance had fallen to one fifth in the lowest potassium group but was unaltered in the high potassium group. All rats in the low potassium group continued to lose weight and died of lithium intoxication within 20 days, while the rats given high potassium survived and gained weight. A high potassium content of the food was able to prevent a fatal lithium-induced loss of sodium and to maintain a normal lithium clearance. It is suggested that also a lithium-induced loss of potassium was counteracted.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117538

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a double-blind, controlled clinical study, lasting 8 weeks, 55 hospitalized schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to one of the five drug treatments: 600 mg chlorpromazine/day, 300 mg chlorpromazine/day, 300 mg chlorpromazine-250 mg α-methyldopa/day, 300 mg chlorpromazine-500 mg α-methyldopa/day, 300 mg chlorprom-azine-750 mg α-methyldopa/day. The results showed that all five treatments were signifi-cantly effective in treating schizophrenic behavior. The dose-response relationship for the different doses of α-methyldopa in combination with chlorpromazine, suggested an optimal response to 300 mg chlorpromazine-500 mg α-methyl

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117539

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diagnostic information obtained from a single drug interview is subject to conscious and unconscious distortion by the patient and to interviewer effects. Rationales for the various provocative techniques are reviewed, with particular reference to the amphetamine psychosis and to state-dependent learning. A format for a controlled series of multiple provocative interviews which ‘triangulates’ on the same clinical problem from several theoretical perspectives is proposed, and a clinical case is presented in which this format was employed. Used in this way, drug interviews may provide useful diagnostic informat

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117540

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats were given identical doses of lithium chloride, 4 mmol/kg body weight/day for 8 days, by different routes. Intraperitoneal administration led to a high serum lithium peak and the development of pronounced polyuria-polydipsia. Subcutaneous administration led to a lower serum peak and the development of less pronounced polyuria-polydipsia. Administration by gastric tube led to a nearly constant serum lithium concentration without any peak and the development of moderate polyuria-polydipsia. Our study shows that the route by which lithium is administered affects the lithium concentration pattern and may influence lithium effects.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117541

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger