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1. |
Investigations with the Specific μ-Opiate Receptor Agonist Fentanyl in Depressive Patients: Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Cortisol, Noradrenaline and Euphoric Responses |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 1-8
N. Matussek,
M. Hoehe,
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摘要:
15 depressive patients and 15 controls, 9 of them age- and sex-matched, were administered 0.2 mg/70 kg i.v. fentanyl, a specific and highly potent µ-opiate receptor agonist. Growth hormone response was significantly reduced in depressive patients in comparison to controls, whereas prolactin response did not significantly differ between the two groups. Cortisol plasma concentration increased in depressive patients and decreased in controls. The difference between the groups failed to reach statistical significance. Only in patients, butnot in controls, fentanyl led to a significant increase in plasma noradrenaline. In contrast, a significant increase in the visual analogue scale for the evaluation of psychotropic drug effects was found only in controls after fentanyl administration. From these preliminary results in connection with other studies we conclude a possible involvement of a disturbed opioid system at least in a subgroup of depressive patients
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118542
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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2. |
Serotonin Uptake by Platelets of Suicidal and Aggressive Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 9-13
I. Modai,
A. Apter,
M. Meltzer,
S. Tyano,
A. Walevski,
Z. Jerushalmy,
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摘要:
Thirty-four adolescent psychiatric inpatients were studied in order to find out whether there is a correlation between serotonin platelet uptake (SPU), suicidality and aggression. The patients were divided into four main diagnostic groups according to clinical data: borderline personality disorder, affective disorder (unipolar) including schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia and Others’. These patients were also characterized by the quantitative symptoms profile from K-SADS scale (Children’s Version of the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) and by their behavior: aggression, suicide attempts and violent suicide attempts. In the schizophrenic group, a correlation was found between low Vmax values of SPU and aggressive behavior (p < 0.05). In addition, in the ‘other’ group a correlation was found between low Vmax values of SPU and conduct disorder (p < 0.05). On the other hand, in ‘other’ patients a correlation was found between low Km values of SPU and violent suicide attempt (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy that the lowest (20–35%) Vmax values of SPU were found in the patients of the affective group as compared to values of the three other diagnostic groups. These findings are similar to those concerning unipolar depressive adults. It is assumed that there are less binding sites for serotonin on platelets of depressive adolescents than was suggested for depr
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118543
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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3. |
Further Investigation on Benzodiazepine Binding Inhibitory Activity in Patients with Major Depression or Panic Disorder and in Healthy Volunteers |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 14-16
Donatella Marazziti,
Stefano Michelini,
Claudia Martini,
Gino Giannaccini,
Antonio Lucacchini,
Battista Cassano,
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摘要:
Preliminary findings regarding the presence of plasmatic benzodiazepine binding inhibitory activity (BBIA) in 14 psychiatric patients prompted us to investigate it further in larger samples of psychiatric patients (n = 44) and in healthy controls (n = 14). The results have shown that BBIA is present in all the subjects included with statistically significant differences between the patients and controls. The highest concentrations were found in the patients with no difference between anxious or depressed patients, and the lowest in the healthy controls. These findings indicate that BBIA might play a role in the pathophysiology of some manifestations of anxiety.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118544
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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4. |
Abnormal Food-Seeking Behavior after Surgery for Craniopharyngioma |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 17-20
Anna Skorzewska,
Samarthji Lal,
Jack Waserman,
Harvey Guyda,
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摘要:
Three patients are described in whom surgical removal of a craniopharyngioma was followed by extreme hyperphagia resulting in obesity and abnormal food-seeking behavior, including foraging for food, stealing food or stealing money for food. These behaviors resemble those seen in the Prader-Willi syndrome but contrast with those noted in bulimia. This deviant behavior was a major factor in the poor outcome of surgery. Attempts at rehabilitation were unsuccessful.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118545
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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5. |
Editorial |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 21-21
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ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118546
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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6. |
An Approach to the Development of Drugs for Appetite Disorders |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 22-30
John E. Money,
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摘要:
This review covers some modern concepts in the development of drugs to treat appetite disorders. Specific attention is paid to the peripheral satiety system and the role of gastrointestinal peptides such as cholecystokinin in the pathogenesis of satiety. Alterations in neuropeptide Y and/or peptide YY are suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of bulimia. Corticotropin-releasing factor is a putative candidate peptide involved in anorexia nervosa. The serotonin reuptake inhibitors fenfluramine and fluoxetene decrease weight in obese subjects. Endogenous opioids modulate the choice of palatable foods. Anorexia in the old appears to be related to a decrease in opioid feeding drive and an excess of the satiety action of cholecystokinin. Other agents involved in weight regulation include those which alter gastric emptying, increase thermogenesis, or modulate fat cell metabolism. It should be stressed that many neurotransmitters that modulate appetite also alter other behaviors, increasing their propensity to produce side effects.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118547
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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7. |
Cognitive Models and Cholinergic Drugs |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 31-36
J.M. Rusted,
D.M. Warburton,
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摘要:
This paper reviews the use of cognitive models in human psychopharmacology to examine the role of the cholinergic system in memory and attention. We suggest that while studies of attention have continued to keep pace with developments in psychology, few studies have been reported which selectively test memory functions specified by current cognitive models of memory. We report the work from our laboratory which has demonstrated effects of cholinergic blockade on attention and memory, with particular emphasis on the work examining selective cholinergic mediation in working memory.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118548
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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8. |
Is There a Common Dopaminergic Basis of Time Perception and Reaction Time? |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 37-42
Thomas Rammsayer,
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摘要:
The effects of 3 mg haloperidol and 125 mg Madopar® on duration discrimination (DD) as well as reaction times were tested in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study with 24 healthy male volunteers. Performance in DD was significantly impaired under haloperidol compared to placebo as well as to Madopar. No changes could be demonstrated for Madopar compared to placebo. Similar results were obtained for measures of reaction time. Significant negative correlations between individual changes in DD and measures of reaction time under each drug condition revealed that subjects with drug-induced impairment in DD also show an increase in reaction times. The nearly identical patterns of drug-induced changes in DD and measures of reaction time may be interpreted in terms of a common neural basis
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118549
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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9. |
Pattern-Reversal Visual Evoked Potentials in Normal 7- to 15-Year-Old Twins: A Correlation Analysis |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 43-47
Dušan Ristanović,
Vesna Jovanović,
Žarko Martinović,
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摘要:
Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEPs) were tested in 11 sets of monozygotic (MZ) twins and 22 sets of dizygotic (DZ) twins matched on age, sex and educational level. They ranged in age from 7 to 15 years. The PRVEPs of MZ twins exhibited a signifícantly greater degree of similarity than those of DZ twins. The peak latencies and amplitudes of PRVEP components obtained from MZ twin pairs were significantly correlated. The correlation coefficients for the peak latencies of the P2 (or P100) component were the only ones to differ significantly between the DZ twins of the same sex and DZ twins of opposite sexes. These coefficients, obtained using PRVEPs, were much greater than those obtained with flash visual evoked potentials
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118550
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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10. |
Auditory Evoked Potential Modifications according to Clinical and Biochemical Responsiveness to Fenfluramine Treatment in Children with Autistic Behavior |
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Neuropsychobiology,
Volume 21,
Issue 1,
1989,
Page 48-52
Nicole Bruneau,
Catherine Barthélémy,
Sylvie Roux,
Jacqueline Jouve,
Gilbert Lelord,
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摘要:
Evoked potentials to auditory stimulations varying in intensity were studied in 13 children with autistic behavior treated with fenfluramine. Modifications of both amplitude and single-trial potential variability were considered according to the clinical and biochemical responsiveness to this drug. Six children (responders) were clinically improved by the treatment. Electrophysiological data were affected according to the clinical and biochemical responsiveness to fenfluramine: the auditory evoked potential amplitude increased, and the single-trial potential variability decreased at each intensity level only in responders whose dopaminergic metabolism was significantly modified by fenfluramine treatment. No modification was found in nonresponders. Both biochemical and electrophysiological results argued for an amphetamine-like action of fenfluramine in those autistic children whose attention deficits are associated with motor disturbances including hyperactivity.
ISSN:0302-282X
DOI:10.1159/000118551
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1989
数据来源: Karger
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