摘要:

The pregnancy and birth records of 55 of 58 adult offspring of 17 bipolar manic-depressives were obtained. All but 3 of the subjects had been previously interviewed to ascertain the prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Paranatal complications and affective disorders appeared to be distributed independent of each other within this population. The presence of paranatal complications did not enhance the risk of affective disorders in this population, nor did they bring their onset forward in time.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117871

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Despite a clinical report of magnesium effectiveness in lithium toxicity, a series of acute and chronic animal experiments failed to find a positive effect of magnesium on lithium-induced death.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117872

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Recent evidence has indicated that a fast circadian oscillator or pacemaker might contribute to affective illnesses, particularly manic depressive disease. In order to test the hypothesis that lithium exerts its therapeutic effect by slowing or delaying overly fast circadian rhythms, 95 rats were fed a lithium-containing diet for a period of 3–4 weeks, and 91 rats were fed a control diet. The animals were sacrificed at times around the clock. Eight of the eleven substances measured (plasma prolactin, PTH, corticosterone, and aldosterone, serum calcium and magnesium, and cerebellar calcium and magnesium) showed large delays in their circadian rhythms in the lithium-fed rats. This supports the hypothesis that lithium’s therapeutic action is to delay overly fast circadian rhyt

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117873

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

56 male violent offenders and 20 male controls from the psychiatric personnel were studied by means of the glucose tolerance test. The results revealed some abnormal findings among those violent offenders who had an antisocial personality. Their blood glucose concentrations, having risen usually to a rather high level, fell to clinically significant hypoglycemia from which the return to the original basal values was slow. This abnormal glucose tolerance in the antisocial personality may have some connection with the etiology and poor prognosis of this disorder. The exact reason for these findings is not clear.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117874

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

68 male habitually violent offenders and 20 male controls from the psychiatric personnel were studied by means of the glucose tolerance test. Those with an intermittent explosive disorder had much the same kind of abnormal curve as the antisocial personality group, but the return from reactive hypoglycemia to the original basal values was very rapid. It was also found that in the whole group of habitually violent offenders, the slow recovery from hypoglycemia was connected with those features which are usually considered typical of the antisocial personality.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117875

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic lithium administration significantly changes characteristics of the circadian rhythms in rat brain α- and β-adrenergic, muscarinic acetylcholine, dopamine, opiate, and benzodiazepine receptors. There are changes in the timing of the peak number of receptors (phase-position), in the amplitude of the rhythms, and in the 24-hour mean number of receptors. The circadian rhythm in the number of forebrain α- and β-adrenergic and benzodiazepine receptors is abolished. The phase-position of forebrain acetylcholine and opiate receptors and striatal benzodiazepine receptors is delayed. As the rhythms of the dopamine receptor number and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion become bimodal, their phase positions are difficult to evaluate. The mean number of forebrain α- and β-adrenergic, acetylcholine, opiate, and striatal benzodiazepine receptors increases. The mean number of forebrain benzodiazepine and striatal dopamine receptors and the mean concentration of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone decreases. Lithium has profound effects on each of the receptor rhythms measured. Slowing and altering circadian rhythms may contribute to the therapeutic effects of chronic lithium treatment in affective di

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117876

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

College students hypothesized as being at risk for psychiatric dysfunction solely on the basis of their MAO platelet activities were briefly interviewed 2 years after completion of initial studies. These 33 low-MAO subjects reported more job instability than 30 high-MAO control subjects. Moreover, the low-MAO males had fallen about half a year behind their high-MAO counterparts in school. No differences in other aspects of social status or psychosocial problems had developed, although the low-MAO subjects smoked significantly more cigarettes and tended to report more major or minor medical problems. While the low-MAO subjects reported no significant decline in their own mental health status during this period, more low-MAO male subjects did report mental health problems in their families, especially depression, alcoholism, and suicide attempts, as well as significantly more mental health interventions among family members, such as psychiatric visits, prescription of psy-chotropic medication, and psychiatric hospitalization.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117877

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger