摘要:

Male Wistar rats were able to drink water and different percentages of ethyl alcohol in a free-choice paradigm. Our results showed a clear-cut preference for 2 and 3% ethanol concentration. Addition of quinine in both drinking bottles increased preference for alcohol, while dilution of saccharin in both bottles totally suppressed this preference for the alcohol bottle. In this alcohol-water choice procedure, naloxone decreased the amount of alcohol intake without altering the amount drunk from the water bottle. This decrease was independent of the palatable or nonpalatable substances added to alcohol and also independent of the percentage of alcohol. Interpretation was done in terms of action of naloxone on the rewarding property of alcohol, or in terms of satiety mechanism for alcohol regulated by naloxone.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118113

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mean plasma levels of beta-endorphin (βEP), beta-lipotropin (βLPH) and ACTH were significantly higher in 22 patients with primary affective disorders (PAD) and in 2 schizoaffective subjects off therapy since 10 days than in 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Desimipramine therapy (50-100 mg/day per os for 3–5 weeks) induced in parallel psychological improvement and fall in βLPH-βEP in 6 of 8 PAD patients treated, and a normalization of βEP-βLPH levels with minimal mood improvement in the 2 schizoaffective subjects. These results indicate that the opioid levels are increased in PAD and schizoaffective patients and normalized by the desimipramine therapy in those patients in whom the affective disorders i

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118114

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Erythrocyte lithium influx and efflux were investigated in vitro in patients with bipolar affective disorders and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. To explore the components of lithium influx and efflux five selected inhibitors (ouabain, phloretin, p-chloromercury benzene sulfonate [PCMBS], 4,4’-diisothiocyano-2,2’-disulfonic acid stilbene, and lanthanium chloride) were employed. The mean values of lithium influx were similar in both populations of erythrocytes. The addition of ouabain and phloretin reduced lithium influx, but this effect was comparable in both patients and controls. PCMBS had an accelerating effect, and this was more pronounced in patients. Total erythrocyte lithium efflux from lithium-containing erythrocytes was comparable in both patients and controls. The addition of phloretin reduced RBC lithium efflux, the magnitude of this parameter, however, was similar in patients and controls. Erythrocyte lithium efflux was accelerated in the presence of PCMBS, and this effect was greater in patients. The relevance of these findings to the postulated cell membrane defect in affective disorders is evalua

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118115

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The active transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) by blood platelets of unipolar and bipolar depressed patients was determined. The 5HT uptake by platelets of bipolar patients was determined in depressive, euthymic and manic states. The 5HT uptake was always followed by studying platelets of healthy individuals of the same sex and age. The results confirm the known fact that there is a decreased 5HT active transport in platelets of unipolar depressed patients. On the other hand, the amount of 5HT transported by platelets of bipolar depressed patients was higher than that observed in platelets of healthy individuals. In manic and euthymic bipolar patients the uptake was similar to their matched controls.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118116

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bipolar manic-depressive patients in remission are considered normal by phenomenological criteria but many psychotherapists have noted specific personality markers. The Rorschach test was chosen to study such personality markers since it may provide rich information at a psychological level distant from overt behavior and symptoms. 35 bipolar manic-depressives in a euthymic state were tested with the Rorschach Projective Technique. The scores were analyzed using Exner’s Comprehensive System methods and compared with his stratified normal control sample. Nine variables differentiated the patients from controls so that at least 50% of the patients were beyond one standard deviation from the controls’ mean. These variables might be personality expressions of the genetic predisposition to bipolar illness and might thus be measurable even when the patients are clinically free of affective illn

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118117

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118118

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A series of 67 pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenics were followed up. The prognosis was good insofar as these psychoses do not develop schizophrenic deterioration. Complete recoveries are rare, as borderline characteristics tend to persist. We only considered 5 cases as completely recovered. The hospital diagnosis was predominantly reactive psychoses, and the largest group of close relatives also had reactive psychoses. The distinction between pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia is fairly reliable. By independent coding of 64 cases, the authors agreed on about 58 cases and disagreed on about 6 cases.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118119

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Clonidine, a central α-adrenergic agent and prophylactic antimigraine drug is known to stimulate human growth hormone (HGH) release and to suppress cortisol secretion. A possible association between basal hormonal levels and response to either acute clonidine test or chronic treatment in female migrainous patients was investigated. 15 females, aged 18–43 years, suffering from migraine, underwent an acute clonidine test by administration of a single oral dose of 0.15 mg. High basal HGH levels (≧ 9 ng/ml) were observed in 6 patients, while the other 9 patients demonstrated normal low basal HGH levels. Acute clonidine administration induced a marked rise of HGH in 8 of the 9 patients with low basal HGH. In 4 of the 8 responders HGH levels exceeded 20 ng/ml and 3 subjects reached the acromegalic range (> 90 ng/ml). The mean response in this group was higher than in a reference group consisting of children and adolescents. It is suggested that the basal hypersecretion and the hyperresponsiveness of HGH to clonidine provocation test in some migrainous patients results from a hypersensitivity of the central α-adrenergic receptors. 12 of the 15 females were treated for 10 weeks with clonidine at gradually increased doses of 0.05 mg/day up to a maximal dose of 0.15 mg/day. A marked suppressive effect on cortisol secretion was observed in the migrainous patients after acute and chronic administration of clonidine. No correlation was observed between HGH and cortisol response to acute or chronic clonidine administration and the prophylactic effect of clonidine on mig

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118120

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors recorded contingent negative variation (CNV) in a group of subjects affected by presenile dementia, at the onset of the symptoms, with a slight degree of intellectual deterioration. Recordings were carried out in rest basal conditions and upon administration of an insignificant distracting stimulus. Results were compared with data obtained in a group of normal subjects of the same age under the same experimental conditions. In the patients a marked decrease of the wave was observed upon the administration of a distracting stimulus.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118121

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The drug difference between a low and a high dosage of haloperidol was investigated in 40 acutely ill schizophrenic patients. All patients were classified as being thought disordered or non-thought disordered schizophrenic using psychometric methods. From the pool of 40 patients two groups were randomly chosen for the double-blind study, one group receiving 80 mg of liquid haloperidol daily, the other group 16 mg of liquid haloperidol daily. On 5 days during the 21-day treatment the psychopathological state of the patient was evaluated by means of the AMDP system.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000118122

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger