摘要:

Plasma and erythrocyte cations (sodium and magnesium) were studied in groups of patients with an affective disorder and in normal subjects. Baseline determinations were obtained before initiation of treatment for mania or depression. In a subgroup of patients, sequential measurements of cations were made during treatment with lithium carbonate. No differences were found in intraerythrocyte sodium or magnesium among any of the patient groups and controls. Patients with a primary affective disorder had significantly higher plasma sodium than control subjects. Neither baseline cation concentrations nor changes in cation concentration during treatment with lithium correlated with treatment response. Gender was shown to be a significant variable affecting intraerythrocyte cation concentrations.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117657

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Circadian variations in whole brain tryptophan level and food intake were investigated in both normally grouped and isolated male Albino-Swiss mice, maintained on a 12:12 light-dark regimen (lights on 08.00–20.00). A significant diumal rhythm in brain tryptophan level was evidenced only by grouped animals, in contrast to the relatively sustained and significantly lower tryptophan level found to exist in isolated mice. Significant, daily rhythms in food intake, for both isolated and grouped mice were found to exist, that were highly correlated in phase. Isolated mice, however, consistently demonstrated an increased food consumption throughout the 24-hour period. These results suggest that a possible alteration in tryptophan metabolism exists in isolated mice, as tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is obtained by mammals only through their die

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117658

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several methods of quantitative analysis were applied to the left parietal ‘resting’ EEGs of 48 nonpatient controls and 90 undrugged psychiatric inpatients. Patient and control groups, matched for age and sex, differed as follows: (a) Mean frequency was lower and frequency variability was greater in the total patient group than in controls. (b) Mean amplitude was higher and mean frequency lower in chronic schizophrenics than in controls; the amplitude differences were contributed mainly by female patients. (c) Amplitude and frequency means of nonpsychotic patients were intermediate between those of chronic schizophrenics and controls. (d) Mean amplitudes were greater and frequency variability was less in neurotics than in contr

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117659

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum cholesterol fasting concentrations were measured in 274 subjects with personality disorders, who had committed offences. Of these subjects, 139 were found to possess the antisocial personality (sociopathy or psychopathy). With standardized ages, the group of subjects with antisocial personality had a clearly lower mean level of serum cholesterol than the group with other personality disorders which was used as a control group. The use of a mean male population with standardized ages as a control group further emphasized the lovv values of the serum cholesterol of the antisocial personality group.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117660

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diverse measures of behavior are examined in a student and large patient sample for the purpose of supporting the concept that conflict in sensory mechanisms may contribute to diminished or impaired function. Evidence supports the contention that two patterns of orientation may exist at the extremes of motion sickness susceptibility and that individuals showing transitional patterns of organization may be vulnerable to different kinds of central nervous system disorganization. The authors believe that a consideration of sensory function as it relates to patterns of behavior may contribute to an expansion in the medical model of mental illness.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117661

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper reports on an experiment which employed a classic paradox, known as the ‘prisoner’s dilemma’, to explore possible differences in problem solving preference across a spectrum of motion sickness susceptibility. A mathematical form of the problem was used in which the subject was asked to imagine playing a game without communicating with his hypothetical partner. There were three possible solutions to the problem, a win-win, a lose-lose, and a win-lose solution. The results support the contention that a cognitive bias exists across a spectrum of motion sickness susceptibility, highly motion sick individuals having a greater tendency to pick the solution which allows both participants to win. This bias runs counter to that which might be expected on the basis of personality traits (non-motion sick individuals are more socially involved), and suggests that the cognitive tendency may reflect basic problem-solving strategies rooted in orientation process. The potential implications of these fìndings are dis

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117662

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The distribution of 50 HLA antigens, of the A, B and C loci, was investigated in 38 affectively ill Caucasian patients of Eastern European Jewish ancestry. The frequencies found were compared to those of a control population matched for race as well as geographic and ethnic-religious origins. Results indicate that a negative association exists between affective disorders and Cw3 and also suggests a similar negative association between such disorders and A9. A positive association with Bwl6, Bw22 and Cwl is also indicated; Bwl6 was increased in those patients with no family history of psychological illness. A review of the available literature in this area shows a glaring lack of agreement among the studies. Methodological problems exist which are likely to contribute to the variable and conflicting results and might make comparison of data irrelevant. The lack of agreement of data among the studies may also indicate that no HLA disease association exists but rather reflect the existence of a defective gene in the HLA complex but not a part of the HLA system. Additional population and family studies are required before any definitive statements can be made.

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117663

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117664

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0302-282X    

DOI:10.1159/000117665

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger