摘要:

Long-term observations are presented on the behaviour of the siamang ape, Symphalangus syndactylus, in the lowland forest of central Malaya. The data were collected during two dry and three fruiting seasons between 1969 and 1973 inclusive on two groups with adjacent ranges; comparisons are made within and between sample periods, and between groups. The influence of weather on daily activities is considered. Food intake is analysed in terms of number of food trees, number of visits to these trees, and the cumulative time spent feeding on various food categories. Ranging behaviour is investigated in terms of distance travelled, area covered, and distribution of time and of food trees about the range. The occurrence of calling is described and compared with that of the white-handed gibbon in the same area. A discussion ensues on each of these aspects of behaviour in turn. Emphasis is laid on the similarity of behaviour of the two groups at any one time, and on the degree of their response to the fluctuations of environmental variables. Finally, the application to siamang of ranging concepts currently used in animal behaviour is considered briefly.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155660

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diurnal, temperature and weather influence on the activity profiles of a gelada monkey group were compared to similar data previously reported for pigtail monkeys. Each of these variables influenced gelada behavior and many effects similar to those reported for pigtails were noted. Females were once again more active in agonistic, sexual and grooming patterns. The one male units of gelada groups influenced many activity patterns, and the special role of bachelor males as a focus for immature animal activities was demonstrated. Although ‘aunt’ behavior was present, it was superceded by patterns of ‘paternal

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155661

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The spatial organization of progressing baboons is thought to serve a protective function considered important in their adaptation to a terrestrial existence. Progression positions of identified black infants, adult males, and other yellow baboons were determined from repeated samples of troop movements. Spatial positioning by demographic class was similar to that previously found for three troops of anubis baboons living in two different habitats. Such consistency across species and habitats seems unlikely unless it arises from a common genetic background or common ontogenetic stabilizing mechanisms.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155662

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) of both sexes and all age classes were observed rubbing urine on the soles of the feet and/or palms of the hands as well as the ventral surface of the tail and, occasionally, the throat. Instances of urine-rubbing were often associated with periods of troop movement or times of social stress. Intra-troop cohesion may be the primary function of such behavior. Other possible functions of urine-rubbing are discussed.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155663

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The strength and specificity of attraction between male and female cagemates was compared in Saimiri and Callicebus, using paired-comparison and single-stimulus methods of testing. Results from both methods showed that the attraction to the cagemate was stronger and more specific in Callicebus than in Saimiri. Sex differences were more pronounced in Saimiri than in Callicebus. Squirrel monkey females were more strongly attracted to strangers than were males and they clearly preferred female strangers over male strangers or their male cagemates.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155664

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cytological characteristics and pattern of distribution of different cell types in the epithelia of cervix and uterus of crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and amenorrhea were studied. The cervix uteri and uterus exhibit remarkable structural differences in the ciliated, secretory, and ciliated-secretory cells. Since the number of ciliated-secretory cells in the uterus is higher than in the cervix, it is believed that they form an additional source for the secretion of uterine fluid during the menstrual cycle. Both ciliated and secretory cells undergo degeneration ; extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation associated with pycnosis and disorganization of the nuclei are encountered.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155665

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) concentration in the ‘near term’ chimpanzee placenta was similar to that of human term placentae and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that found in term placentae of marmosets and rhesus monkeys. A significant linear relationship, correlation coefficient r= +0.999, was found between log mean placental weight and log mean CG concentration in placentae from marmosets, rhesus monkeys and the chimpan

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155666

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous studies utilizing series of wild-shot primates have suggested that there is an association between locomotor behavior, aggression and patterning of healed fractures. In this study, observations taken upon a series of 126 rhesus macaques which represent a total sample of a naturally occurring social group from Cayo Santiago, are used to reexamine the conclusions drawn from previous studies. As a control, a series of randomly collected rhesus skeletons from the same colony is examined. Major differences in pathology incidences by age, sex and laterality is indicated between the two groups. Possible explanations for cross-specific variability in fracture patterning are also considered.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155667

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A detailed description is given of the somatic chromosomes of two specimens of Pithecia pithecia pithecia. An idiogram, constructed on the basis of metrical chromosome data, is presented and compared with those of two other members of the Pitheciinae. The possible karyological relationships within the Pitheciinae, and the cytotaxonomic position of this group within the Platyrrhini are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155668

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The known Cretaceous and Paleocene primates, the Paromomyiformes, although lacking a fully developed postorbital bar, are nevertheless, both cladistically and phenetically, closest to the common ancestor of the living primates. Not only their undisputed phylogenetic ties but also their early experiments in the arboreal milieu necessitate their balanced evolutionary classification within the order Primates.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155669

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger