摘要:

Evidence of nonrandom positioning among adult males is crucial for a protection theory of the spatial organization of baboon progressions. In a recent study it was suggested that systematic positioning of troop members other than mothers and infants is so slight and rare that progressions may be regarded as essentially random. This suggestion depends upon debatable methodological points presumably downgrading previous findings of nonrandom order. Reanalysis of data from this study revealed numerous analytical and statistical problems, as well as serious calculation and other errors, and showed that the findings are consistent with results of the present and previous research. Adult males tended toward the front or back of progressions, a tendency which was intensified in potentially dangerous situations. Dominant males were disproportionately more often frontward and subordinate males rearward. Nonrandom order, which was found for a variety of circumstances at high levels of statistical significance, was unusually general in that it occurred in 6 studies, 7 troops, 2 species, and 5 locations. Such generality is consistent with a protection theory postulating phylogenetic underpinnings of a sociospatial organization which allows an advanced primate to adapt to terrestrial coexistence with predators.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155968

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In Kathmandu valley, two populations of rhesus monkeys which are totally protected, have shown relatively stable numbers over a period of several years. Population stability within heterosexual troops appears to have been maintained through lower birth rates and slightly higher infant and adult mortality rates than in comparable rhesus populations in India which have been subject to trapping. Although the behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which these demographic changes occur are not known, behavioral observations on these populations suggest several possibilities. These data represent the first indication of possible mechanisms for population regulation in natural rhesus populations.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155969

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

High-ranking vervet monkeys threatened the members of other groups more than did low-ranking individuals, while only low-ranking females and juvenile males interacted affinitively with the members of other groups. Adult males were most aggressive during intergroup encounters with groups from which males transferred. In contrast, females were most aggressive to groups from which males were not observed to transfer. It is postulated that the behavior of individuals during intergroup encounters may be related to benefits derived from excluding intruders from the group’s resources. Furthermore, it seems possible that relations between groups are influenced by previous male transfers, and that female aggression affects the distribution of male movement between group

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155970

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The feeding behaviour of a group of red colobus was observed in gallery forest beside the Tana River, Kenya, between October 1973 and December 1974. Food availability was quantified from tree enumeration data and a monthly sample of phenology. 22 species contributed to the annual diet but there was great variation in selection among them. Young leaves were not only the most important items in the diet, but also the most consistently selected in relation to their availability. Compared to red colobus studied at rain-forest sites in Uganda and Tanzania, those at the Tana have a much less diverse diet and eat more fruit but less mature leaf. The hypothesis is discussed that more use can be made of mature leaves in rain forest, because there are more species from which to choose.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155971

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comparisons of a moderately worn pm4 in its jaw, and an isolated dpm4 of the Oligocene-Miocene Homunculus (the second tooth originally described as that of a marsupial), indicate cebid identity with affinities nearest Alouatta. Diagnoses of dpm4, pm4 and m1 of all known platyrrhines and comparisons with teeth of strepsirhines and tarsioids reveal that platyrrhines cannot be derived from any known non-platyrrhine stock. Speculations on platyrrhine ancestry are reviewed.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The penis of Pan paniscus shares many characteristics with that of the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, including an undivided corpus cavernosum, epidermal keratinized spicules, presence of a baculum, and absence of a glans. Our findings do not support the conclusion that the genus Pan is ancestral to or convergent on any other pongid genus or Homo.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mean interanimal distance among squirrel monkeys did not differ according to sex class and was not influenced by gonadotropin treatment of the females. Fluctuations in temperature on different observation days led to proportionate changes in mean interanimal distance. Pregnancies were diagnosed in both the full-time exposure group and the limited male exposure group.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger