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1. |
Title Page / Table of Contents |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 1-4
Nina G. Jablonski,
Yan-Zhang Peng,
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ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156669
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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2. |
Foreword |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 5-6
Nina G. Jablonski,
Yan-Zhang Peng,
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PDF (618KB)
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ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156670
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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3. |
Phylogenetic Relationships of Macaques as Inferred from Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 7-17
Ya-Ping Zhang,
Li-Ming Shi,
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摘要:
Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) purified from 25 samples of 6 species of macaques, Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. arctoides, M. nemestrina, M. assamensis and M. thibetana, were analyzed to study the phyletic relationships among the species. A total of 36-46 sites was observed in each sample. By combining the cleavage patterns each of the endonucleases, the 25 samples were classified into 11 restriction types. When data on M. fuscata and M. cyclopis collected by other authors were added to our own, the resultant molecular phylogenetic trees indicated that the 8 species may be divided into 4 groups: M. mulatta, M. fuscata, M. cyclopis and M. fascicularis; M. arctoides; (3) M. nemestrina; (4) M. assamensis and M. thibetana. Our results suggest that within both the fascicularis and sinica groups genetic distances are small between members and that the status of the species within the groups may require further investigation.
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156671
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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4. |
A Comparative Study of the Elbow Joints in Five Species of Chinese Macaques |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 18-27
Fa-Hong Yu,
Yan-Zhang Peng,
Ru-Liang Pan,
Zhi-Zhang Ye,
Hong Wang,
Nina G. Jablonski,
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摘要:
In this paper, we report the findings of a comparative study of the elbow joints of five species of macaque that inhabit China: Macaca assamensis, M. arctoides, M. mulatta, M. thibetana and M. nemestrina. Results of multivariate analyses of size-related variables and indices of the elbow joint suggested that the breadths of the ventral aspect of the trochlea and of the medial epicondyle of the humerus as well as indices describing the head of the radius are important factors for discriminating these species. The elbow joint of M. arctoides was most similar to that of M. thibetana, no doubt reflecting recency of common ancestry and similarity in terrestrial locomotion. The structures of the elbow joints in M. nemestrina and M. assamensis seemed more adapted to arboreal quadrupedalism. The elbow joint of M. mulatta, however, appears intermediate between the most terrestrial and the most arboreal forms.
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156672
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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5. |
Social Development of Infants ofMacaca thibetanaat Mount Emei, China |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 28-35
Zi-Yun Deng,
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摘要:
The development of infant Mαcαcα thibetαnα was studied at Mount Emei, China, and compared to that of other macaque species. It was found that there are many common features in the process of infant socialization in species of the genus Mαcαcα: mothers play an important and active role, other group members influence the infants’ development to a greater or lesser extent and play is a major activity in the life of infants. Some differences were found to exist, however, between macaque species. These included differences in maternal care behaviour such as ‘len’, leaving time and weaning time. Paternal behaviours were also found to vary within and among species. Tibetan macaque males care for infants extensively, and they may use infants as an agonistic buffer. The natural and social environment may also influence differences between macaque species in infan
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156673
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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6. |
The Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification of the Doucs and Snub-Nosed Langurs of China and Vietnam |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 36-55
Nina G. Jablonski,
Yan-Zhang Peng,
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摘要:
The taxonomy of the douc and snub-nosed langurs has changed several times during the 20th century. The controversy over the systematic position of these animals has been due in part to difficulties in studying them: both the doucs and the snub-nosed langurs are rare in the wild and are generally poorly represented in institutional collections. This review is based on a detailed examination of relatively large numbers of specimens of most of the species of langurs concerned. An attempt was made to draw upon as many types of information as were available in order to make an assessment of the phyletic relationships between the langur species under discussion. Toward this end, quantitative and qualitative features of the skeleton, specific features of visceral anatomy and characteristics of the pelage were utilized. The final data matrix comprised 178 characters. The matrix was analyzed using the program Hennig86. The results of the analysis support the following conclusions: (1) that the douc and snub-nosed langurs are generically distinct and should be referred to as species of Pygathrix and Rhinopithecus, respectively; (2) that the Tonkin snub-nosed langur be placed in its own subgenus as Rhinopithecus (Presbytiscus) avunculus and that the Chinese snub-nosed langur thus be placed in the subgenus Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus); (3) that four extant species of Rhinopithecus be recognized: R. (Rhinopithecus) roxellana Milne Edwards, 1870; R. (Rhinopithecus) bieti Milne Edwards, 1897; R. (Rhinopithecus) brelichi Thomas, 1903, and R. (Presbytiscus) avunculus Dollman, 1912; (4) that the Chinese snub-nosed langurs fall into northern and southern subgroups divided by the Yangtze river; (5) that R. lantianensis Hu and Qi, 1978, is a valid fossil species, and (6) the precise affinities and taxonomic status of the fossil species R. tingianus Matthew and Granger, 1923, are unclear because the type specimen is a subadult.
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156674
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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7. |
Scaling of Limb Proportions and Limb Bone Diameters in Three Species of Chinese Snub-Nosed Langurs (GenusRhinopithecus) |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 56-62
Ru-Liang Pan,
Nina.G. Jablonski,
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摘要:
In this study, aspects of the structural mechanics of the upper and lower limbs of the three Chinese species of Rhinopithecus were examined. Linear regression and reduced major axis (RMA) analyses of natural log-transformed data were used to examine the dimensions of limb bones and other relationships to body size and locomotion. The results of this study suggest that: (1) the allometry exponents of the lengths of long limbs deviate from isometry, being moderately negative, while the shaft diameters (both sagittal and transverse) show significantly positive allometry; (2) the sagittal diameters of the tibia and ulna show extremely significantly positive allometry – the relative enlargement of the sagittal, as opposed to transverse, diameters of these bones suggests that the distal segments of the fore- and hindlimbs of Rhinopithecus experience high bending stresses during locomotion; (3) observations of Rhinopithecus species in the field indicate that all species engage in energetic leaping during arboreal locomotion. The limbs experience rapid and dramatic decelerations upon completion of a leap. We suggest that these occasional decelerations produce high bending stresses in the distal limb segments and so account for the hypertrophy of the sagittal diameters of the ulna and tibi
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156675
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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8. |
Patterns of Spatial Dispersion, Locomotion and Foraging Behaviour in Three Groups of the Yunnan Snub-Nosed Langur (Rhinopithecus bieti) |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 63-71
Bao-Qi Wu,
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摘要:
Aspects of the behaviour of three groups of Yunnan snub-nosed langurs, Rhinopithecus bieti, were observed over the course of three field seasons from 1986 to 1988. The major findings of the study were: (1) The habitats of R. bieti were mainly at heights of 3,600–4,150 m above sea level. (2) Groups were very large, with group sizes ranging from more than 100 to 269 individuals. (3) Spatial dispersion densities ranged from about 27 to 106 m2/individual during sleeping and resting, to feeding dispersions as large as 5,000-15,000 m2. (4) The locomotor repertoire of R. bieti consisted largely of walking, jumping and climbing. On very rare occasions, semibrachiation was observed, but true brachiation was never observed. The locomotor repertoires of juveniles were more diverse than those of subadults or adults. (5) Communication consisted mainly of eye-to-eye contact accompanied by murmurs; while loud calls were heard only rarely. (6) Groups moved between sleeping and feeding sites in single file. It is concluded that R. bieti is a mainly terrestrial specie
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156676
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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9. |
Preliminary Results from a Field Study of Wild Guizhou Snub-Nosed Monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 72-82
William Bleisch,
Ao-Song Cheng,
Xiao-Dong Ren,
Jia-Hua Xie,
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摘要:
The Guizhou snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus brelichi, is a large-bodied colobine confined to the subtropical semideciduous forests of Fanjing Mountain Reserve in Guizhou province, southwest China. Field work beginning in 1979 and including 10 months of intensive study in 1991 has revealed several aspects of the behavior and ecology of this species that are distinct from other colobines, including the closely related species R. roxellana and R. bieti. The Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is arboreal, traveling through the trees by quadrupedal walking, climbing, leaping, semibrachiation and (occasionally) by full brachiation. Terrestrial locomotion is used occasionally. Social organization centers around family groups of 5–10 individuals with a single adult male. Many family groups range and rest together in large, semicohesive bands. These bands may split up or coalesce temporarily to form large aggregations of over 400 animals and perhaps more. All-male groups of 2–5 adult or subadult males are found on the periphery of the ba
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156677
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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10. |
Preliminary Investigation of the Habitats ofPresbytis françoisiandPresbytis leucocephalus, with Notes on the Activity Pattern ofPresbytis leucocephalus |
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Folia Primatologica,
Volume 60,
Issue 1-2,
1993,
Page 83-93
Zhao-Yuan Li,
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摘要:
In this paper the habitat structure and ecology of Presbytis françoisi and Presbytis leucocephalus are compared. Observations were made of the two langur species in areas of southwest Guangxi province in which the langurs occur but are not sympatric. The results showed that the habitat of P. leucocephalus differs from that of P. françoisi and that the habitat in western areas was different from that in eastern areas in terms of vegetation and other criteria. P. françoisi was limited in its distribution to localities at higher altitudes, in contrast to P. leucocephalus. This may be due to human activities such as crop cultivation and logging. With respect to its activity pattern, P. leucocephalus spent 51.8% of its day in the trees and 48.2% on the rocky substrate. The results of this study suggest that Presbytis may best be regarded as a semiarboreal fo
ISSN:0015-5713
DOI:10.1159/000156678
出版商:S. Karger AG
年代:1993
数据来源: Karger
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