摘要:

Grooming and avoiding scores were used as measures of the attractive and repulsive forces operating in a group of eight monkeys. The results revealed: (1) three unisexual grooming subgroups; (2) two focal monkeys (one ♀ and one ♂) which were each avoided by five animals, one female avoided by three animals, the rest avoided by one or none; (3) that each monkey was ‘friendly’ with one to three others and was ‘antagonistic’ toward all the rest; (4) that males were socially inactive, ranked below most females, associated primarily with each other, and, in this study, were killed by females during the mating period. The social organization of talapoins seems to differ from that of other Old World monkeys and may be similar to that of the New World squir

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155773

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Nursing by two mother-infant pairs in a caged colony of Macaca fascicularis was monitored at 1-min intervals for 8 h beginning 8:30 a. m. BST, once a week for 3 months in the summer of 1973. Nursing occupied about 210 min in 8 daylight hours for the infants at 10 weeks of age, and the time spent nursing decreased at the average rate of 9.4 min per week until the infants were about 6 months old. The time spent nursing by the infants studied here resembles closely the times spent nursing by some other macaques and by baboons. In the course of a day the amount of time spent nursing varies significantly with a diurnal peak. If nursing by one mother-infant pair is independent of nursing by the other pair, then the time the two pairs spend nursing together would be a function of the product of the frequencies of nursing by each pair. The expected times for the pairs nursing together based on the hypothesis of independent events were significantly less than the observed times the pairs nursed together. Nursing, therefore, involves a positive influence or imitation of one nursing pair by the other. Nursing sessions involving both mother-infant pairs were longer on the average than sessions involving only one pair.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155774

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several metric and categorical variables were used to assess tail carriage in 717 photographs of 54 yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of known identity, sex, dominance rank, and estimated or known age. Analyses of these data demonstrated that age was the primary factor, influencing tail carriage of baboons not engaged in social interaction. Specifically, the proximal segment of the tail was carried increasingly close to the vertical with increasing age; other changes in tail angles and segment curvature were also correlated with age. There was no relationship between dominance rank and neutral tail carriage in adult male or adult female baboons, nor was the neutral tail carriage of the first-ranking male or female either distinctive or characteristic. The morphological basis of ontogenetic changes in neutral tail carriage in baboons is also discussed.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155775

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The karyotype of Pan paniscus is reexamined by G-banding and examined for the first time by C-banding. In addition, examination of the chromosomes by the use of the fluorochromes adreamycine and 33258 Hoechst is undertaken. C-banding showed a surprising pattern with numerous terminal C-bands, an interstitial C-band, and several chromosomes lacking C-bands. Polymorphic conditions for C-bands are also identified involving several pairs. In a comparison to the chromosomes of man, G-banding revealed two pericentric inversions not previously observed. Only chromosome pairs No. 9, 11, 12 and the X are similar to man’s by all techniques employe

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155776

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Erythroblastosis fetalis represents a significant hazard for successful management of pregnancy in man and in marmosets, but not in crab-eating macaques. Materno-fetal blood group incompatibility in chimpanzee is described as a contributing factor in the death of an infant. The findings indicate that parental blood groups should be taken into consideration when breeding chimpanzees.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155777

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The hypothesis that the original strepsirhine tooth comb evolved for scraping gum is examined. The comparative morphology of the anterior dentition does not corroborate this view, and our study suggests that the primitive tooth comb, which was 6-toothed, evolved for the maintenance of the five, evenly distributed narrow spaces in between them. Unlike the incisors of other groups, platyrrhines or catarrhines, for example, the apical extremities in the primitive condition are not closer to one another than the basal portions of these teeth. The biological role responsible for the evolution of the function of the original tooth comb is believed to be fur-combing. Subsequent modifications in numerous lineages altered both morphology and function as a result of new roles, and this tended to obscure the cause of origin of this character complex.

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0015-5713    

DOI:10.1159/000155779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger