摘要:

AbstractThe complex anatomy of the wrist can be difficult to comprehend, and concepts of normal and abnormal motion may be difficult to convey to students. A conceptual framework may aid understanding in this difficult area. The key concept is that of the proximal carpal row as an intercalated segment stabilized by ligaments. On this foundation are added concepts of normal, synchronous, proximal row movement and analysis of abnormal movements. Abnormal movements are characterized by their direction and severity. The final step in analysis is localization of ligament abnormality, determining first the general class of ligament injured (extra‐articular/intra‐articular), then the specific location (proximal/distal, medial/lateral, anterior/posterior), and finally the specific ligament n

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReview of the literature, primarily articles published in the last few years, revealed that the subject of prophylactic (protective) knee bracing in athletes is highly complex and controversial. Published results of studies on knee bracing strongly suggest that it is ineffective in preventing ligamentous knee injuries, that it is time‐consuming and often expensive, and most dramatically that it may contribute to a higher incidence of injury than when no external support is applied to healthy knees. Possible reasons for this include placing undue stress on the MCL (preloading), especially in varus knees, twisting or slipping of the brace during use, and changing directions of force as the knee moves during impact. Functional and rehabilitative knee braces, on the other hand, seem to have almost universal approval when combined with physical therapy and conditioning designed to prevent recurrence of knee injuries. The authors conclude that a need exists for effective prophylactic knee bracing and believe that, with continuing research, improved design, and rigorous testing, achieving this goal is possibl

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mandibulo‐stylohyoid ligament is a consistent large ligament that extends from the angle of the mandible to the stylohyoid ligament, with prolongations in the direction of the stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The ligament partly separates the submandibular from the parotid gland. It is believed that this ligament should be included in anatomy textbooks, as it is important in both the clinical and surgical anatomic field

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined 70 external jugular veins from 35 cadavers. In six veins we observed a septum, 6–25 mm long, which completely divided the lumen of the vein. The septum, which has not been previously described, was located approximately 5 cm superior to the vein's termination into the subclavian vein. Histologically, the septum is composed of tunica intima and tunica media in contrast to venous valves which are composed of tunica intima onl

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFaculty are frequently asked, “How do I study for this course?” Many have formulated responses, but often there is little sharing of this wisdom among faculty, and students may receive different and often conflicting suggestions from each faculty member they encounter. Although most students believe their study problems are unique, we have found students encounter typical pitfalls as they “learn how to learn” gross anatomy. This paper will describe a six‐step Suggested Learning Plan for a dissection course in gross anatomy and its rationale, as well as other pertinent advice our students have found beneficial in making the transition from failing or “just getting by” to doing well and feeling confident about

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn designing the medical school curriculum something has to be taught first even though the basic sciences and clinical topics interlock. Students traditionally learn anatomy first and suspend ther bewilderment regarding the eventual application of the structural detail studied. Infinite memory chores are learned with little overall view of how the student's data bank will function in the acute clinical situation. A fundamental charge of physicians is to consider all diagnostic possibilities before implementing treatment. Yet with the current system, first year students find themselves in possession of large volumes of information but are still unable to establish even a rudimentary differential diagnosis. It is suggested that during the first year clinical anatomy course the student be introduced to broad categories of disease using anatomy as the structural foundation for visualizing diagnostic possibilities. Wasteful interludes in the laboratory could be replaced with memory‐enhancing dissection using visual, verbal, auditory, and kinesthetic methods coupled with clinically oriented vocabulary expansion. A basic etiologic mnemonic is discussed as a framework for rapid diagnosis. In conjunction with the idea of decreasing medical information overload, we suggest that data presented to medical students in general be organized in a bicameral fashion as either emergent or elective. Anatomists and clinicians should consider rewriting the anatomy manual to include “clinical patholo

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980040111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY