摘要:

AbstractThe increased susceptibility to infection following splenectomy calls for a partial organ‐preserving operative procedure. The basis for this conservative surgery depends on a thorough knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the organ. With this in mind 32 spleens were studied by angiographies and corrosion casts. The organs were classified into four groups according to their vascular pattern with special emphasis on the blood supply of the polar segments. Two, three, and four segments were found in 3.1%, 15.6%, and 81.3%, respectively. A bifurcation of the splenic artery was noted in 93.8%, and a trifurcation in 6.2%. A Y‐type of branching of the hilar vessels with easier access for surgical procedures was noticed in 84.4%, and a T‐type in 9.4%; in 6.2% a classification was not possible. Intersegmentary anastomoses, as a potential hazard for operations on the spleen, were present in 15.6%. Arteries and veins coincided. The exact diagnosis of the specific individual vascular anatomy and segmental organization of the spleen are necessary presuppositions for a successful partial spleen‐preserving technique. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe prospectively studied the normal vermiform appendix in 100 patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis in order to assess its rate of visualization, isolate factors affecting its successful identification, and determine its most frequent position. Our standard CT protocols were followed, as dictated by the patient's clinical circumstances; this usually meant employing a 10 mm slice‐thickness at 15 or 20 mm intervals. The appendix was confidently identified in 27 of the 79 patients who had not undergone previous appendectomy. It was most commonly seen in a retroileal position. It had a mean maximum outer diameter of 5.7 mm (range 3–10 mm) and was most often seen as a thin‐walled, air‐filled tube. Its visualization was unaffected by the position of the cecal pole in a cranio‐caudal direction, the amount of intraabdominal fat, the type of radiographic contrast media administered, or the patient's sex. Computed tomography thus appears to be a useful, if limited, radiological method of examining the normal appendix. Our study suggests that, in vivo, the uninflamed appendix may not be most commonly situated in a retrocecal position, as reported in surgical and postmortem studies. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, the normal distribution of the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks in the wall of the stomach of the ferret was investigated by the method of partial acute vagotomy and analyzed by light autoradiography. The dorsal trunk is distributed to the dorsal surface of the body and both surfaces of the pylorus. The ventral trunk reaches principally to the body of the ventral surface of the stomach. Three months after partial vagotomy, tritiated leucine was injected into the vagal dorsal motor nucleus to map any anatomical changes in the gastric distribution of each abdominal vagal trunk.Three months after dorsal trunk vagotomy, the ventral trunk invaded the territory of the dorsal trunk close to the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach by reactive sprouting. Three months after ventral trunk vagotomy, the dorsal trunk spread to innervate the ventral surface of the stomach that formerly was innervated by the ventral trunk.Three months after ventral trunk vagotomy, regrown connection of the ventral trunk was observed crossing over the ligature to the denervated areas of the ventral surface of the stomach. This result was observed in the three animals of chronic ventral vagotomy only, and the histological examination of the regrown connection showed that it was neuronal.This phenomenon of the compensatory reactive sprouting of the surviving vagal nerve terminals, whether regenerative or terminal, may explain the recovery of gastric function. This could account for some of the failures of partial vagotomy in humans. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is divided morphologically as well as functionally into anteromedial and posterolateral bundles.The changes in distance between femoral and tibial attachment sites of both bundles were measured throughout the full range of motion in ten formalin‐carbol preserved cadaveric knees.The femoro‐tibial distance (and thus the length) of the anteromedial bundle remains nearly the same throughout the full range of motion. The femoro‐tibial distance for the posterolateral bundle decreases with flexion; thus it becomes increasingly slack from 0° to 90° of flexion.For a truly functional replacement of the ACL, in which the roll‐glide motion of the knee joint is regained, isometric reconstruction of the anteromedial bundle is necessary. By utilizing the described method of intraoperative measurement, isometric positioning of the graft may be achieved. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence, size and, configuration of interthalamic adhesions were investigated in 146 Korean human brains. The incidence of adhesions was 88.4% and they were located mainly in the center of the third ventricle and posterior‐superiorly in quadrant I. Average size was 6.7 ± 2.19 mm × 5.1 ± 1.89 mm, and the most common shape was oval. © 1993 Wiley‐Li

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDescriptive and comparative analysis of primate chondrocranial anatomy relies on three‐dimensional reconstructions of embryonic and fetal tissues. Typically, reconstructions are accomplished using manual techniques that are time‐consuming and laborious. Recent advances in computer technology permit computerized reconstruction, but most available systems do not interpolate surfaces so models consist of solid polygons without intervening surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new computerized surface‐modelling routine for the rapid and reliable reconstruction of nasal capsular anatomy in prenatal primates as well as to apply this system for the comparative analysis of nasal morphogenesis. Models of the nasal capsule and anterior cranial base are generated for a developmental series of prenatal specimens includingMicrocebus murinus, Macaca mulatta, andHomo sapiens. Results show that the computerized system reconstructs complex morphologies rapidly and automatically. The computerized models display higher anatomical resolution than that available from reconstructions generated through manual methods or algorithms used in commercially available systems and they can be viewed on a personal computer. Comparative anatomical analysis reveals that the nasal floor is highly specialized inMicrocebuswhich displays a zona annularis. However, complexity in this region is reduced inMacacaandHomowhich probably corresponds to a morphological reduction, but not elimination, of the vomeronasal organ and associated structures. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe origin and course of the nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis are closely related to the lateral aspect of the elbow joint and proximal portion of the radius—both of which are frequent sites of pathology and surgical treatment. The specific origin of the nerve supply to the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle has been attributed variably by diverse anatomic and clinical texts to be the radial nerve, its deep branch or its superficial branch. This study was undertaken to determine the most common source of the nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis, as well as the most predictable topographic site of its origin. A total of 111 limbs were dissected, with the most common origin (56.7%) found to be the deep radial nerve, followed by the superficial branch of the radial nerve (31.5%), and least frequently from the bifurcation of the radial nerve into its superficial and deep branches (11.7%). This nerve branch was found to arise in most individuals within one centimeter of the distal edge of the humeroradial joint and to pass distally about 3.5 centimeters before entrance into the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0897-3806    

DOI:10.1002/ca.980060111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY