摘要:

Several non‐invasive techniques based on different physical principles have been developed to investigate skin function and have been used for patch test assessment. In the present paper, the advantages and the defects of these methods are described in the light of the more recent data available in literature. Meanwhile, the eye and the fingers still remain the simplest method to assess skin irritancy. Bioengineering techniques could provide efficient recording systems for monitoring skin color, skin blood flow and barrier function damage, useful to the investigator rather than to the clinicia

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data on allergic contact dermatitis from acrylates and 4 patients sensitized during routine patch testing are reported. During 1982–1985, we used 7 different acrylates for tests. 1 patient out of 22 (=4.5%) was sensitized to ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate (1% pet.). Since September 1985, we have used a commercial (meth)acrylate series containing 28 substances. 3 of 24 patients tested became sensitized to ethyl acrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate (0.5% pet.). Because active sensitization with acrylates can be very harmful, it may be necessary to use lower concentrations than recommended. Currently, we test ethyl acrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate at 0

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

N‐(α‐chlorobenzylidene) phenylhydrazine (AC) is both a strong irritant and a powerful sensitizer. 5 out of 6 people at risk fell ill after only once coming into contact with this halogenated hydrazine derivative. As in the first report concerning this problem the compound was used to train chemistry stud

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patch testing with 7 irritants has been performed on a panel of 42 health volunteers, with the aim of determining concentrations which would induce mild to moderate reactions in at least 75% of individuals tested. The irritants studied and their optimum concentrations were as follows: benzalkonium chloride, 0.5%; sodium lauryl sulphate, 5%; croton oil, 0.8%; dithranol, 0.02%; nonanoic acid, 80%; propylene glycol, 100%; sodium hydroxide, 2%. Responder rates lower than 75% had to be accepted for benzalkonium chloride and sodium hydroxide in order to prevent overly severe reactions, whilst propylene glycol proved to have only marginal irritant properties.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A procedure, using Freund's complete adjuvant test (FCAT), for the determination of the allergenic potential of fractions and components in colophony of the gum rosin type is described and discussed. Gum rosin was shown to be a potent sensitizer in 11 test series (153 animals). FCAT is compared with the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Gum rosin was a potent sensitizer according to this method as well. The FCAT method was found to be advantageous over the GPMT method in that it is technically simpler to use and a smaller amount of test substance is needed. However, closed challenge was preferred to the prescribed open challenge. The importance of statistical evaluation of the results obtained in predictive testing is stressed.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

100 patients with leg ulcers were patch tested against a standard battery of allergens. The readings were carried out daily from the 2nd to the 7th days. 55 patients showed positive reactions to one or more allergens. 32% of positive reactions developed for the first time after 48 h and 11 % after 72 h. No single day or combination of two days gave 100% positive results. A single reading on the 4th day gave the highest number of positive reactions at 92%. The prevalence of positive patch tests was significantly higher in patients with surrounding eczema, and in patients with positive patch tests the ulcer duration was significantly longer than in those with negative patch tests. The total number of positive results in individuals increased linearly with the duration of the ulcer. Of allergens to which the ulcer was exposed, the occurrence of multiple sensitivity was significantly greater than predicted from the prevalence of individual sensitivities. However, there was no association between medicaments and metal sensitivity. This, together with the absence of an exponential rise in the number of allergens with the duration of ulcer, does not support the theory of systemic ampliative allergy.

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The preservative Euxyl® K 400 consists of the 2 active ingredients, 2‐phenoxyethanol and 1, 2‐dibromo‐2, 4‐dicyanobutane. Sensitization studies with the guinea pig maximization test were performed with these substances, but no sensitizing capacity was demonstrated in the case of either

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Skin blood flow (SBF) in allergic and irritant reactions was determined by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in an attempt to differentiate these reactions in an objective way. 12 subjects with known allergy to nickel were patch tested with nickel sulphate, nickel chloride, and with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 1, 2, 5 and 10%. A positive correlation between the concentration of SLS and SBF was found. Compared with control sites, SBF in weak (+) and strong (++) positive allergic and irritant reactions was increased approximately 5–10 fold 1 and 2 days after application, and decreased towards normal 7 days after application. At day 7, the mean SBF was higher in allergic reactions than in irritant reactions. However, no consistent differences were found. It is concluded that although LDF can be used to quantify the strength of allergic and irritant skin reactions, this method cannot be used solely to separate these 2 types of reactio

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

5 patients with allergic contact dermatitis caused by various paints were demonstrated to be sensitive to a cyclohexanone resin (C‐R) present in the paints. Sensitization studies in guinea pigs with C‐R and cyclohexanone showed one batch of C‐R to be a sensi

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-1873    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY