摘要:

Fifty mature orange leaves were divided into groups of 10 and each group received a different washing procedure (control, wipe only with cloth, wipe plus detergent and acid (1/10N HC1) wash, acid wash, wiping and acid wash followed by deionized water). The objective was to determine if the so‐called dust elements (Fe, Al, Si, Ti) clustered together when dust was cleaned from leaves. The clustering was changed by washing procedures. Calcium, Na, Cu, and Mn concentrations were not changed by washing. Phosphorus, Mg, and K were lost from leaves by leaching with severe washing. Dust or contaminating Fe, Al, Si, Ti, and Pb were removed by all washing procedures but wiping with acid tended to decrease the coefficient of variation among samples.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362729

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362728

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three crops of plants (corn(Zea maysL. cv. Golden Cross N.C.). barley(Hordeum vulgareL. cv. Atlas), soybeans(Glycine maxL. cv. Hawkeye and PI54619–5–1) were grown in succession in flats of Yolo loam soil which had received in μg/g soil 0, 13 Li, 200 Zn, 200 Cu, 75 Co, 100 Ni, and 100 Cd both singly and in various combinations. The three plant species with two cultivars of soybeans reacted differently to the trace metals. Protective (competitive), additive and synergistic effects were all present. The treatments slightly modified soil pH but this did not explain all effects. Barley was most tolerant of the trace metals and yield depression occurred only when all six trace metals were applied simultaneously and this probably because of metal induced P deficiency.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362730

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Six plant species were grown in a flat of Yolo loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, thermic Typic Xerorthents) which had been uniformly blended with 133 Cu, 50 Co, 100 Cd, 67 Ni, 13 Li and 133 Zn as μg/g soil. The trace metals stopped new growth of bush beans(Phaseolus vulgarisL. Improved Tender‐green), inhibited growth of corn(Zea maysL. Golden Cross), but did not inhibit growth of mint(Mentha viridis), barley(Hordeum vulgareL. Atlas), or wheat(Triticum aestivumL.). Mineral analyses were made of leaves on shoots of the plants and from the data, ratios of various elements were calculated for each species by a computer program. Ratios of element pairs for different plant species and ratios of one species to another for given elements indicated common relationships among Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and Cd.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362731

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Corn plants (Zea mays L. cv. Golden Cross N. C.) were grown for 21 days in Yolo loam soil to which a mixture of trace metals had been blended and applied to the soil in compartments. The treatments were control, all contaminated, top 1/2 control ‐ bottom l/2 contaminated, top contaminated ‐ bottom control, and 1/2 contaminated with 1/2 control uniformly mixed. The trace metals involved were applied as sulfates and in μg/g were 200 Zn, 200 Cu, 75Co, 100 Ni, 100 Cd, and 13 Li. Treatments having l/2 noncontaminated soil whether top or bottom grew plants without stress. The same quantity of trace metals uniformly mixed with all soil gave some indications of phytotoxicity and the treatment with all contaminated soil (two times more trace metals than the other three treatments receiving trace metals) showed severe toxicity symptoms most of which were probably due to Cd. The Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Li, and Cd concentrations in leaves were highest for this treatment. When the bottom half of soil was contaminated, Li concentrations of leaves were decreased compared with other treatments. Roots tended to concentrate in the noncontaminated part of the soil when only part of the soil was contaminated.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362732

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bush beans(Phaseolus vulgarisL. cv. Improved Tendergreen) were grown in mtrient solutions in a glasshouse at low and at potentially toxic levels of Cu. These Cu treatments were interacted with other treatments to create various types of environmental stress. In an exploratory experiment, salinity (0.05MNaCl) and phosphorus deficiency stresses were observed to result in proportionately more plant toxicity with a high Cu level than with a low. These two factors were then further studied in additional experiments and the observations were verified. Levels of P and NaCl which resulted in no or little yield reduction with normal amounts of Cu resulted in proportionately large yield decreases at high levels of Cu. Stress resulting from no aeration of the nutrient solution was less harmful relatively at a high Cu level than at a low. Slightly increased root temperature was slightly more injurious at the high Cu level than at the low while severe shading was equally harmful of both Cu treatments. Synergistic effects were noted for salinity and phosphorus levels as they interacted with the copper levels on growth of the plants. Mineral analyses do not explain these synergistic effects.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362733

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bush bean plants,(Phaseolus vulgarisL. cv. Improved Tendergreen), were grown for 12 days in nutrient solutions in a factorial experiment involving 0 and 10‐5MCdSO4, 0 and 10‐4MZnSO4, two solution pH values (4.5 and 7) and 0, 10‐4M EDTA and 10‐4MDTPA. There were then 24 treatments each with four replicates. Plants were separated to primary leaves, trifoliate leaves, stems and roots, washed in 0.1MHCl and deionized water, and assayed by emission spectrography. The low Zn level resulted in some Zn deficiencies particularly with chelating agents and at high solution pH. Although Cd tended to depress Zn uptake, Zn did not modify Cd toxicity without chelating agents. Cadmium was not strongly toxic in the presence of chelating agents at high solution pH even though there was some Cd accumulation in leaves with those treatments. High Zn tended to favor large root accumulation of Cd but only at the low solution pH.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362734

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Desert shrubs ‐Ambrosia dumosa,Lycium andersonii,Larrea triden‐tata, andEphedra nevadensiswere grown in a glasshouse in desert (calcareous) soil with different levels of added Zn, Ni, and Cd. The objective was to study effects of the metals on growth and yield and uptake and trans‐location of metals in desert plant species which are common in the Mojave Desert (areas of Nevada and southeast California). Zinc and Cd considerably decreased yields of all four species. Yields ofE.nevadensiswere increased by Ni at 250 and 500 mg/kg applied to desert soil.Ephedra nevadensiswas more tolerant of Ni than were the other three desert shrubs. Some interactions were observed among various elements: manganese concentration was increased in shrubs by Zn. Particularly, application of Ni reduced the concentrations of Zn and Mn over the control.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362735

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bromus rubensL. seeds in calcareous desert soil which was brought from the Nevada Test Site to UCLA for pot tests with differential excess trace metal treatments gave differential emergence in response to the trace metal experiments. Zinc up to 5300 μg/g soil did not impair emergence. Cadmium at 1200 μg/g soil impaired emergence but 800 μg/g did not. Nickel at 500 μg/g soil did not impair emergence but 1000 and 2000 did. There was no emergence at 3000 μg Ni/g soil.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362736

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bush bean plants(Phaseolus vulgarisL. cv. Improved Tendergreen) were grown in highly calcareous desert soil with high levels of Zn, Ni, and Cd added to them. The purposes were to compare growth and uptake with desert plants grown in the same soil, to assess translocation to fruits, and to measure gas exchange rates. All three trace metals produced toxicity in the highly calcareous soil and the bush beans were less tolerant than previously grown desert plants. The levels used at various points produced 50% or more yield decrease. Zinc and Ni were transported to fruits at concentrations considerably less than in leaves. The transport was greater for Ni than for Zn. Cadmium was not translocated to fruits in detectable quantities. Zinc and nickel supplied in excess restricted Cu movement to fruit. The levels of Zn and Ni had no influence on photosynthesis and transpiration, but the gas exchange rates were decreased by Cd on the dry weight basis.

ISSN:0190-4167    

DOI:10.1080/01904168009362737

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor