ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA multi‐stage pilot fermentor was designed which consists of nine stainless steel cylindrical compartments 2 ft. in length and 8 in. in diameter, joined end to end, giving a tube with a total length of 18 ft. The whole apparatus was mounted with its axis in a horizontal plane. Each compartment was sealed off from its neighboring compartment by a separatory plate having a 1‐in. overflow hole in the upper half. Shafts 9½ feet long extended from each end of the fermentor through the compartments to the center. Agitation was provided by a multitude of stainless steel blades mounted at right angles to the shafts and spaced at regular intervals along the shafts. Stationary, stainless steel comb‐shaped baffle plates were installed vertically at the bottom of each compartment to increase mixing efficiency. Constant leaving and re‐entering of the fermentation liquor by the blades upon rotation imparts a shattering of the liquid surface thus preventing the accumulation of mycelial aggregates on the walls above the fermentation liquor. The mechanical performance of the described fermentor has proved excellent and several trial fermentations (antibiotic formation and steroid bioconversion) are d

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFerrocyanide‐treated cane molasses was fermented in 2.5‐l. Pyrex tower fermenters using pellets ofAspergillus niger, grown in beet molasses, as an inoculum. The success of the process depended on accurate control of the ferrocyanide concentration in the fermentation mash. Highest yields (up to 80% conversion of available sugar in 8 days) were obtained when the ferrocyanide concentration was 20 p.p.m. at the start of fermentation and then increased to 80–150 p.p.m. at the 24‐hr. period. Addition of phosphate, nitrate, or methanol to fermentation mash did not increase rate of acid production or fina

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability of a number of Ustilago species, especiallyUstilago maydis(DC.) Cda., to produce lysine and threonine was investigated. The organisms were grown in shake flasks or in 10‐l. fermentors. Lysine and threonine were found to be excreted into the medium both in the free and bound form. The bound amino acids could be released by acid hydrolysis or by enzymes from autolyzed cells. The optimal conditions for the release by autolysis were, in the case ofUstilago maydis(DC.) Cda., pH 4.3 and 45°C. An enzyme that could liberate lysine from the bound form(s) occurring in the broth was extracted from cells ofUstilago maydis(DC.) Cda. It exhibited an apparent pH optimum near 4.0. The effect of pH and temperature during the growth phase on the yield of lysine and threonine was studied in 10‐l. fermentat

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability ofUstilago maydis(DC.) Cda. to grow and to produce lysine and threonine was investigated in shake flask cultures. Growth and production of lysine and threonine increased markedly when aeration was increased. The optimal ratio of glucose to diammonium phosphate in the medium seemed to be approximately 10:1. Ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine were readily used as nitrogen sources. Growth and amino acid production was poor on ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, trimethylamine, and betaine.U. maydis(DC.) Cda. was found to grow on a number of different carbohydrates. Besides D‐glucose the organism could utilize D‐mannose, D‐galactose, D‐fructose, L‐arabinose, D‐xylose, D‐ribose, sucrose, maltose, and the polyalcoholes D‐sorbitol, D‐mannitol, andi‐inositol. Pectin, dextrin, and corn starch treated with α‐amylase could also be used but not untreated corn starch or lactose, cellobiose, D‐sedoheptulose, glycerol, or D‐glucosamine. The formation of lysine and threonine was better with disaccharides and hexoses than with pentoses.No specific effects on the formation of lysine and threonine could be observed from changes in the concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, or molybdenum. The requirement of metal io

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCounter flow electrophoresis was adapted for temperatures down to −5°C. by the use of ethylene glycol. A method is described for evaporation of water solutions containing ethylene glycol at temperatures between −5 and −10°iC. without ice formation. These measures were found not to affect the transforming activity (two markers) ofBacillus subt

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1‐Dehydrogenation of steroids bySeptomyxa affinisis brought about by an inducible enzyme. Only soluble substrate steroid is attacked. Individual steroids are dehydrogenated at different relative rates. The pH‐activity curve is shal

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMathematical models for the kinetics of 1‐dehydrogenation of steroids bySeptomyxa affinisare considered. A model providing for product inhibition fits experimental data best. Product inhibition was also demonstrated directl

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn apparatus is described for the aeration of a series of tissue cultures at rates which may be varied independently for each vessel. The composition of the aerating gas can be adjusted to any desired percentages of CO2and O2. While designed particularly for study of the aeration requirements of submerged tissue growth, the equipment is equally adaptable for study of submerged growth of bacterial and other systems. The apparatus has been designed for future scale‐up and is adaptable to both the overlay and bubble‐through types of aeration. Flow rates necessary for producing mixtures of 5.0% CO2and 95.0% air or 5.6% CO2, 14.0% O2, and 80.4% nitrogen are given. The described system has been operated satisfactorily and has proved to be an inexpensive and useful research t

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn batch cultures ofAzotobacter vinelandiiexposed to air and ultraviolet‐irradiated nitrogen, an increases in nitrogen fixation, compared to that of cultures exposed to air and non‐irradiated nitrogen, has been noted. This supports the hypothesis that an ionized nitrogen molecule is important for the biological nitrogen fixat

ISSN:0006-3592    

DOI:10.1002/bit.260040111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY