摘要:

It has been suggested that the vascular alterations found in inflamed gingiva may be of significance in the enhanced extension of the pathological process into the periodontium. The purpose of this investigation was to measured the changes in blood vascular volume occurring in gingiva with the onset of gingivitis and its resolution. Twenty‐six individuals participated in this study. Gingival biopsies were taken following a 21‐day experimental gingivitis, following resolution of a 21‐d experimental gingivitis and during a 6‐month experimental gingivitis and a 6‐month period of optimal oral hygiene. A total of 126 biopsies was obtained, from which 378 sections were cut at 2 μm for stereological analysis. At low magnification, reference volumes were estimated using point counting procedures and expressed as mm3 of gingiva per mm length of vestibular gingiva, in a vestibulo‐lingual plane. At higher magnification the ratio between the volume of vessels and connective tissue was calculated. The final results were expressed as mm3 of vessels per mm length of vestibular gingiva, in a vestibulo‐lingual plane. The mean vessel volume expressed per unit length of vestibular gingiva ranged from 0.010 to 0.024 mm3/mm. No statistically significant differences in vascular volumes were found between inflamed and non‐inflamed gingiva. It was concluded that the changes in vascular architecture during early gingivitis described in the literature had either taken place in the subjects prior to the time of experimentation or that any vascular changes (cytologic or functional) which had taken place may be compensatory for the changes in architecture described i

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Wolinella rectahas been associated with adult periodontitis, but its role in the disease remains uncertain. This report clarifies the distribution ofW. rectain periodontally healthy and diseased subjects, and treated patients with recurrent disease. A specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum againstW. rectastrain 372 was used for indirect immunofluorescence localization ofW. rectain dental plaque from untreated and treated patients. Supragingival plaque was collected from 15 periodontally healthy individuals (H), 10 adults with mild gingivitis (G1), 8 with severe gingivitis (G2) and 15 with periodontitis (AP). Subgingival samples from 23 diseased sites (G2 and AP) were examined as well. There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) between the proportions ofW. rectain subgingival (4.4%)vs. supragingival (0.3%) plaque samples from AP. A significant difference (p = 0.000) inW. rectaproportions was also detected between subgingival plaque samples of AP (4.4%)vs. G2 (1.2%). No significant difference in the mean % ofW. rectawas found between supragingival plaque of AP (0.3%) and G2 (0%), and samples of G1 (0.01%) and H (0.1%). In a separate study, 85 adults previously treated for moderate to severe adult periodontitis were monitored over a 12‐month period for evidence of disease recurrence. Recurrent disease was detected at 32 sites in 18 subjects. Of these, 20 sites in 13 subjects were positive forW. recta. With subjects as the experimental unit, a significant increase in the proportions ofW. rectawas found at sites with recurrent disease (3.12%) as compared to stable, paired control sites (0.24%), but only when sites with breakdown and positive forW. rectawere compared with their controls. These results indicate thatW. rectais associated with some, but not all sites with advanced adult periodonlilis. The association ofW. rectawith gingivitis was not statistically significan

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was carried out to investigate the predominant anaerobic bacteria of periodontal pockets in patients with advanced periodontitis, who had no previous treatment other than supragingival scaling, no history of recent or chronic systemic illness, nor any intake of antibiotics within 6 weeks prior to bacteriological sampling. Care was taken not to ignore tiny‐colony‐forming anaerobes, by means of a stereoscope and an anaerobic glove box system. Out of 422 (100%) isolates, 380 (90%) were obligate anaerobes, suggesting that the environment in periodontal pockets was anaerobic and favors the growth of obligate anaerobes. Among the 380 obligate anaerobes isolated, strains belonging toEubacterium(54%) were predominant, and many of them occurred in tiny colonies. The other obligate anaerobes isolated were assigned toWolinella(9%), unidentified motile rods which resembleWolinella(7%),Peptostreptococcus(6%),Fusobacterium(5%),Bacteroides(2%; including those reclassified toPrevotellaandPorphyromonas) andSelenomonas(0.5%). Among the isolates, 67% were Gram‐positive bacteria, including 59% of rods (mostly asaccharoly‐ticEubacterium), suggesting that these bacteria, particularly strains of theEubacteriumspecies, may play an important role in etiology of adult period

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The bundling of principal fibers was investigated in tangential sections through the tooth‐related portion in developing rat molars by light and electron microscopy. When root dentin calcification began, cross sections of principal fibers emerged as fibril aggregates in the narrow intercellular spaces in a densely packed population of periodontal ligament cells. Subsequently, these cells changed shape and location to widen the intercellular spaces. The fibril aggregates became thicker in these spaces. With root development, the collagen fibrils formed loosely aggregated bundles and the periodontal ligament cells extended cell processes between the bundles. The cell processes usually contained microfilaments suggestive of actin filaments, and as the cell processes extended and came in close apposition, they formed delimited compartments. These compartments appeared to be a sheath‐like structure, and the loose fibril bundles developed into tight fibril bundles in the compartments. Finally the principal fibers consisted of many tight fibril bundles, which were partially or entirely surrounded by cell processes and cell bodies. The findings suggest that the sheath‐like, cellular compartments cause the tight bundling of the principal f

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inhibitory effect of some non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on bone resorption is well documented. To explore the effect of NSAIDs on bone formation, we investigated the time course and dose/response characteristics of treatment with various non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ectopic bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the rat model. Using biochemical assays, both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on bone formation were found in rats treated with NSAIDs prior to DBM implantation depending on the type and amount of drug administered. There appears to be an enhancement of bone formation for acetaminophen (50 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg/kg), and ibuprofen (50 mg/kg). Indomethacin (4 mg/kg) and piroxicam (4 mg/kg) had inhibitory effects. Flurbiprofen, on the other hand, did not appear to affect bone formation significantly. In contrast, there was no effect of NSAIDs on bone formation in rats treated with the drugs after implantation of the DBM. It appears that the time course of the drug administration is critical, suggesting that early events in bone formation may be modulated by arachidonic acid meta

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Activators of fibrinolysis are found in the gingival connective tissue and in the sulcular epithelium. The influence of plaque bacteria and the related inflammatory reaction on the fibrinolytic activity has been evaluated in the human gingiva. An autohistographic technique was applied to sections taken from three groups of 6 specimens each: group A from clinically healthy sites with plaque index = 1 and no bleeding on probing; group B from areas with unambiguous visual signs of gingivitis, with plaque index = 2–3 and bleeding on probing; group C from sites previously treated with professional toothcleaning twice a week for 3 months and with chlorhexidine mouthrinses twice a day for the final 3 wk, in order to obtain a virtually complete elimination of the plaque bacteria. In group C the plaque index was 0 and there was no bleeding on probing. Connective tissue fibrinolytic activity was present in all the sections from the three groups. The sulcular fibrinolytic activity was observed in all the sections taken from the specimens of groups A and B. In contrast, no fibrinolytic activity was observed over the sulcular area in any section taken from the specimens of group C. Therefore, this study does not support previous claims that healthy sulcular epithelium is capable of releasing activators of fibrinolysis. It can be concluded that the presence of any amount of plaque bacteria is associated with sulcular fibrinolytic activity. Contrarily, the elimination of plaque bacteria is associated with the absence of any detectable sign of fibrinolytic activity in the gingival sulcu

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sharpey's fibers support teeth by attachment of periodontal ligament fibers to alveolar bone. The effects of diabetes mellitus on this support mechanism have not been described and were the subject of this study. Male Swiss mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin. Mandibles were removed 9 weeks after injections, the mineralizing front of the depository surface of the interdental septum was exposed by fracture through the periodontal ligament, rendered anorganic, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. No significant reduction in alveolar crest height was evident in diabetic as compared to control animals; however, significant changes in the a) mineralization patterns of bone depository surfaces and Sharpey's fibers, and b) number of Sharpey's fibers inserting into alveolar bone were evident in diabetics. Unmineralized fissures, characteristic of Sharpey's fibers of control, were nearly obliterated by mineralized tissue in diabetic animals. The mineralizing front of the middle and apical thirds of the diabetic alveolar wall was covered by numerous large calcified globules resembling enlarged calcospherites, which were not evident over the cervical third or control tissues. The mean Sharpey fiber density was greater in controls than in diabetics (p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between their mean diameters. These observations suggest that, in early diabetes, Sharpey's fibers and depository surfaces of the middle and apical thirds of the interdental septum have morphologic evidence of aging, which precedes significant reduction in alveolar crest height. These changes may weaken the attachment of periodontal ligament fibers to bone and reduce resistance of the periodontium to intrusive forces.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Multinucleated cells (MNCs) that appeared after hydroxyapatite (HAP) implantation into experimentally‐produced bone defects in rat periodontal tissues were investigated both ultrastructurally and ultracytochemically. At day 5 after implantation, MNCs first appeared along the HAP surface. They had no features of typical osteoclasts such as ruffled border and clear zone. By d 14, these cells acquired features similar to osteoclasts, including ruffled border and clear zone. With the appearance of ruffled borders in MNCs, new bone deposited around the implanted HAP. MNCs appeared to excavate both newly‐formed bone and implanted HAP simultaneously. Ingested HAP particles were observed not only in MNCs but also in macrophages. MNCs contained both tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (ACPase) and carbonic anhydrase (CAase). ACPase activity was detected along all the biosynthesizing pathways in MNCs. Extracellular ACPase activity around the ruffled border region was also demonstrable. CAase activity could be detected only in the cytosol, vesicles and mitochondorial cristae of the MNCs. These cytochemical characteristics were almost the same regardless of the time elapsed after implant

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The immunoglobulin class distribution of antibody to human collagen type I has been examined in sera and gingival extracts from patients with adult chronic periodontitis. Tissue extracts were made either by simple washing or ultrasonication. With either method, IgG and IgA antibodies to collagen were present in higher concentration in tissue extracts than in autologous serum when adjustment was made for dilution differences. No significant differences were found for IgM antibodies. Antibodies to human collagen type I are usually “natural antibodies” of the IgM class and, therefore, our findings suggest a class switch to IgG in inflamed gingivae, presumably due to prolonged antigenic stimulat

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

20 untreated chronic periodontitis patients were given a full periodontal examination, including measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI) and plaque index (Pl.I.). At a second visit, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected on filter paper strips from the deepest accessible probing site of each tooth. GCF volumes were determined and the samples eluted into buffer. Protease activities in the resulting eluates were assayed with peptidyl derivatives of 7‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethyl coumarin (AFC). Cathepsin B/L‐like activity was determined with Bz‐Val‐Lys‐Lys‐Arg‐AFC, elastase‐like activity with MeOSuc‐Ala‐Ala‐Pro‐Val‐AFC, tryptase‐like activity with Z‐Ala‐Ala‐Lys‐AFC, trypsin‐like activity with Z‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐AFC and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV‐like activity with Ala‐Pro‐AFC. Total enzyme activities and enzyme concentrations both correlated positively with all clinical parameters in linear regression analysis. This was true on both a patient level, using mean patient values, and a site level, using either individual patient or pooled patient data. Most of these correlations were statistically significant, although the proportion was greater for total enzyme activity than concentration. With total activities, correlations with different enzymes and parameters generally followed the order: cathepsin B/L‐>elastase‐.>DPP IV‐>trypsin‐>tryptase‐like activity and PD>CAL>GI>BI>Pl.I respectively. Total enzyme activities had good diagnostic specificity and sensitivity as predictors of clinical parameters in this cross‐sectional study, suggesting that GCF prot

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb02087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY