摘要:

Immunological studies examining the homogeneity of the major antigenic components ofP. gingivalishave suggested 3 serotypes and have indicated a limited distribution of the serotypes in an individual patient. These studies prompted us to define the immunodominant antigens and distribution of immune responses toP. gingivalisserotypes. Serum IgG antibody levels in periodontitis patients in the present study were most frequently elevated above the normal subjects when tested againstP. gingivalisserotype A (i.e., 33277). Nearly 1/3 of the patients showed significantly elevated antibody to multiple serotypes of theP. gingivalisapparently resulting from cross‐reacting antigens. We determined distinctive differences among outer envelope protein and antigen patterns obtained from the three serotypes. Moreover, the results identified considerable similarities in the qualitative and quantitative antigen response patterns among patients to a particular serotype. There was a strong positive correlation between IgG antibody levels (ELISA) and the total level of reactivity determined in the immunoblots, as well as a positive correlation to the proportion of antibody to particular antigens. These findings suggest that responses to these antigens comprised a major portion of the response to the intact microorganism. Additionally, the detection of antibody to particular antigen bands was indicative of early responses to each of theP. gingivalisserotypes. The results of our study indicate that a subpopulation of periodontitis patients develop an extensive serum antibody response often to multiple serotypes ofP. gingivalisand may define a patient population with aP. gingivalisdisease. Finally, our results indicate a more consistent antigenic composition forP. gingivaliswhich may enhance the potential for strategies to immunologically interfere with disease caused by this microorganis

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serial attachment level measurements were simulated based on 2 hypothetical models of true change: 1) a burst model, where attachment changes rapidly over the duration of one measurement interval, but is unchanging before and after, and 2) a linear model, where attachment changes at a constant rate over time. Normally distributed measurement error was added to the modeled attachment level change to produce the series of measurement simulations. It was then determined for each series whether a burst model or a linear model best fit the simulated measurement series for a range of overall attachment level changes. For series generated by a burst model, the burst model fit better than a linear model a significant proportion of the time at all attachment level changes. However, for series generated by a linear model, the burst model provided the best fit for attachment level changes that were less than 4 times the standard deviation of the measurement error. Estimates of change based on a linear model slightly overestimated change when the true underlying model was a burst model. Estimates of change based on a burst model slightly underestimated change when the true model was a burst model, but substantially underestimated change when the underlying model was a linear model. Model fit when assessed by the least squares criterion may not be a reliable guide to model validity.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess the temporal relationship between periodontal tissue destruction and the activity of collagenase, exudate from inflamed periodontal tissues was collected and latent and active collagenase activities were measured by a functional assay in a longitudinal cohort study. Comparisons were made between human subjects with either: 1) inflammation with a previous history of progressive loss of connective tissue and bone support (n=14); 2) inflammation and previous history of bone loss but now clinically stable (n=27); or 3) inflammation and no loss of bone support (n=17). Experiments using specific enzyme inhibitors, blocking antibodies and SDS‐PAGE fluorograph to identify the pattern of collagen substrate degradation demonstrated that the collagenase activity was derived from neutrophils and not from bacteria or other host cells. Active collagenase activity pooled from 6 sites per subject was respectively 5 and 6‐fold higher in the group with progressive loss of connective tissue compared to the groups with either inflamed tissues alone or with inflammation and previous bone loss. In contrast, latent collagenase was increased up to 2 fold higher in the group with inflammation but no bone loss compared to the group with progressive lesions. Moreover, the ratio of active to total collagenase activity was 50% higher in the group with progressive lesions. Although in all subjects successive measurements of site‐specific active collagenase 1 month apart demonstrated wide variation (r<0.50), only in sites with progressive periodontal destruction was there significant increase of active collagenase with time (1.28×l0−4collagenase units per day). There were also sharp elevations in active enzyme level at the time of detection of loss of connective tissue attachment in specific sites of 8 subjects. At the time of detection of connective tissue attachment loss, there was an overall 40% increase of pooled active collagenase activity in all subjects with progressive loss of connective tissue compared to pre‐breakdown sampling times. These data provide strongin vivoevidence for a direct role of active neutrophil collagenase in the pathological destruction of periodontal connect

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Osteopontin (OPN) promotes attachment and spreading of cells in an RGD dependent fashion, suggesting that OPN interacts with integrins on cell surfaces. Here in, we show that LM‐609, a monoclonal antibody to the αvβ3integrin (a vitronectin receptor), inhibited OPN‐mediated attachment of gingival fibroblasts. To characterize the cell surface receptors responsible for this interaction, we performed OPN‐sepharose affinity chromatography using detergent extracts of35S‐methionine orl25I‐surface labeled gingival fibroblasts. Proteins bound to the OPN‐matrix were eluted with EDTA and subjected to SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions. EDTA eluates from both125I‐surface labeled and35Smethionine labeled extracts demonstrated prominent bands in the 90kDa and 50kDa regions, by both autoradiography and fluorography, respectively. These studies suggest that OPN is associated with other cell surface molecules in addition to αvβ3. Furthermore, these as yet to be characterized proteins, may prove to have a stronger affinit

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Release of potent lysosomal enzymes by degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in host gingiva may contribute significantly to tissue destruction and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. A pilot study established that peripheral blood PMNs from humans with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) contained significantly increased amounts of intracellular lysosomalβ‐glucuronidase as compared to healthy controls. This investigation gained insight into the question: are the increased levels ofβ‐glucuronidase in persons with RPP an apriorigenetically determined PMN characteristic, or a reactive phenomenon induced by the periodontal disease process during granulopoiesis? Twelve healthy controls and twelve otherwise healthy individuals with RPP participated in a repeated measures design of T0(initial, baseline), T1(four weeks after disease control therapy), and T2(two months later). At each visit clinical indices (GI, pocket depths, GCF flow, plaque index) were performed and peripheral blood obtained. PMNs were isolated and suspended as 5×106cells in 2.0 ml of HBSS. PMN suspensions were tested for total intracellularβ‐glucuronidase, degranulation induced by 1×10−6M and 5×10−7M FMLP challenges, and unchallenged for non‐specific enzyme release. PMNs from individuals with RPP contained significantly higher absolute amounts of β‐glucuronidase and released greater absolute amounts at FMLP challenge at T0, T1, and T2compared to controls. No relationship was found between any of the clinical indices andβ‐glucuronidase levels and no pattern was discovered relating to the repeated measures over time. We conclude that RPP peripheral blood PMNs contain elevated levels ofβ‐glucuronidase that are not induced by the p

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The levels of cathepsin G in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from chronic adult periodontitis patients and experimental gingivitis subjects were determined both by activity measurement using N‐benzoyl‐(DL)‐phenylalanine‐2‐naphthyl ester as a substrate and by enzyme immunoassay using anti‐human cathepsin G IgG. The activity level of cathepsin G in GCF of both periodontitis and experimental gingivitis has no significant correlation with all measured clinical parameters. Western immunoblotting using antibodies specific for cathepsin G or α1‐proteinase inhibitor revealed that the difficulty in demonstrating the association of its activity with the severity of these diseases was due largely to formation of the enzyme‐inhibitor complexes. By contrast, statistically significant positive correlation was found between cathepsin G content in GCF of periodontitis, which was determined by enzyme immunoassay, and such clinical parameters as the GCF volume, the gingival index and probing depth. The increased cathepsin G content with increasing severity of periodontal inflammation was markedly diminished by the initial treatment. Although no significant activity was detectable in GCF of experimental gingivitis, a rapid increase of the immunoreactive cathepsin G was found in GCF at 3–5 d after refraining from oral hygiene measures, which rapidly decreased by 10 d. The progressively increased cathepsin G between 10th and 21st d rapidly decreased by cleaning of the teeth. The results indicate that cathepsin G is involved in the host's defensive mechanism against the invasion of etiologic microbes and/or the development of either periodont

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An elastin peptide (kE57) obtained from organoalkaline hydrolysis of calf ligamentum nuchae insoluble elastin, was isolated by gel permeation on Sephadex G150 and high performance liquid chromatography on a TSK G 3000 SW column. It possessed an average Mr=57,000 and similar amino acids composition as its insoluble counterpart. KE57behave as a competitive inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) with KI=1.4 μM; it also inhibited porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) but less efficiently KI=180 μM. Identification of elastic fibres in rat gingiva was ascertained by light and electron microscopic studies. Morphometric studies indicated that rat gingiva contained similar levels of elastic fibres (=2%) as human skin; elastic fibres networks from both tissues also displayed high structural analogy. Gingival chronic inflammation was induced in rats by mechanical impaction associated with an hyperglucidic diet. After 5 weeks, the levels of rat gingiva elastic fibres, decreased from Vv= 1.94±0.1% to Vv= 1.02±0.06%. Local injections of kE57: 100 μig per day, 5 days a week for 5 weeks did restore the integrity of the gingiva elastic fibres network: Vv= 1.84±0.1. Without influencing leucocyte infiltration, it is proposed that elastin‐derived peptides, acting as potent competitive inhibitor of neutrophil elastase involved in periodontitis, might be of therapeuti

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to study the microflora of severe, moderate and minimal periodontal lesions, in young adults with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). Subgingival plaque samples were taken from 142 periodontal lesions in 10 young adults aging 25 to 35 years. The examination of the subgingival microflora indicated that certain species, includingPorphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, andCampylobacterspecies were found to be predominant in severe periodontal lesions.B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, F. nucleatum, Capnocytophaga ochracea, were predominant in medium lesions whileStreptococcusspecies andActinomycesspecies,C. ochracea, Haemophilus segnisandVeillonella parvula, were found in higher levels in minimal periodontal lesions.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Periotron 6000® fluid analyser has become widely used as a diagnostic tool for a variety of oral diseases and recent work has questioned its reliability. This paper investigates for the first time, the detailed calibration curves of 2 Periotron 6000 machines across a range of 23 different fluid volumes. Within and between machine reliability is analyzed and the shape of the calibration line determined. The measurement errors incurred by using a single fluid sample, as opposed to mean values of triplicate samples are also determined. We conclude that there are 3 sections to the calibration line, 2 linear and a quadrilateral zone, and that 2 separate regression equations should be used; from 0–0.1 μl and from 0.1–1.0 μl. Within machine calibration errors were only 3.2±7.5%, but values for volumes below 0.2 μl were as high as 18.7%. Using a single fluid sample rather than mean values of multiple samples, incurred a further 4±4% error, which was as high as 7% for volumes lower than 0.12 μl. Whilst significant differences in volume reading existed between different machines (p<0.0004) and between the same volumes of different fluids (p<0.00001), individual Periotron calibrations were extremely reproducible and reliable. We conclude that the Periotron 6000 is a reliable and convenient instrument for measuring fluid volumes greater than 0.2 μl. For volumes lower than 0.2 μl errors in measurement may be too high for some investigations, but this is likely to be due to problems with evaporation and with measurement technique, rather than errors directly due to the Periotron itself. Finally, for optimum accuracy, the digital display should be re‐set to zero after each samp

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY