ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an attempt to characterize TCR V gene usage in human periodontally diseased tissue. Vα2, Vβ5.2–3, Vβ5.3, Vβ5.1, Vβ6.7, Vβ8 and Vβ12.1 expressions were examined. Serial cryostat sections obtained from 20 periodontitis and 9 gingivitis biopsies were then reacted with monoclonal antibodies directed to each repertoire. The technique was combined with a sensitive alkaline phosphatase‐anti‐alkaline phosphatase method. Peripheral blood was obtained from 10 periodontitis and 2 gingivitis patients. TCR repertoire was also quantified by flow cytofluorography with FITC‐conjugated antibodies. Cells displaying binding of each antibody were counted. The proportions to CD3‐positive cells were then calculated. The pattern of each TCR V gene product expression in inflamed gingiva exhibited individual variation, nevertheless, a consistent pattern emerged. The Vβ5 subfamily and Vβ6.7 were frequently used repertoires in gingiva, whereas the Vα2 and Vβ8 subfamily were underexpressed in most cases. Furthermore, the TCR V gene product expression in gingival tissue was biased compared with autologous peripheral blood. Three of 10 periodontitis subjects showed 1 or 2 strikingly overrepresented repertoire comparatively with autologous blood. In these 3 subjects Vβ6.7 was overexpressed in two cases and 5.2–3, Vβ8 and Vβ12.1 were overexpressed in one case. These results suggest that gingival T‐cells are not randomly mobilized from peripheral blood and that local events influence the TCR repertoire at the level of T‐cell re

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The stepwise approach to the determination of periodontal attachment loss involves fitting linear, logarithmic, and exponential models to individual site data and concluding that the form of loss is consistent with the model that has the greatest r‐value, provided that the model predicts loss in excess of a site‐specific threshold. Logarithmic and exponential fits are considered to define early and late bursts, respectively, while linear fit describes loss at a constant rate. In a recently published study, the stepwise approach was applied to 6,935 sites in patients with established periodontitis and, of 581 loss detections, 195 (33.6%) were linear, 224 (38.6%) logarithmic, and 162 (27.9%) exponential. However, curvilinear patterns may occur by chance and regression algorithms that can fit such curvature may have an advantage unrelated to the true mchanism(s) of periodontal destruction. To investigate the implications of this possibility, proportions of linear, logarithmic, and exponential fit were estimated by simulation under four different conditions. These conditions incorporated random or random plus tineas change, but no nonlinear effects. The relative proportions of model fits described in the published study were approximated in all of these conditions. It would appear that the observed proportions are ubiquitous to the modelling approach itself, and do not constitute evidence of a causal nonlinear biological mechanism. The stepwise approach may be useful for detecting change but relevance to causal processes seems problema

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study we evaluated the traditional view that the severity of periodontal disease varies between populations in that African and Asian populations are more severely affected than other populations. Our data on periodontal destruction in two random samples of a Kenyan and a Chinese adult population were recalculated to conform with the methods of examination and data presentation utilized in each of 6 other studies of attachment loss levels in different populations. The adult Kenyan and the adult Chinese group, who had very poor oral hygiene conditions and massive gingival inflammation, had attachment loss levels which were quite similar to those in a Japanese population (31), in a Norwegian population (27) and in a New Mexico group of adults (30). Attachment losses were similar in a population of young US adults (26) aged between 35 and 60 years relative to the corresponding Kenyan and Chinese groups while young US citizens had higher and elderly US citizens had lower mean attachment levels than either Kenyans or Chinese. Higher attachment loss levels beyond the age of 27 years were reported for a population of Sri Lankan tamil tea workers (27) and across all ages in two South Pacific island populations (29). Overall, the analysis indicates that the periodontal attachment loss profiles may differ between populations, but that these differences do not conform with the traditional generalization that African and Asian populations suffer more severe periodontal breakdown than other populations.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Whole genomic and randomly‐cloned DNA probes for two fastidious periodontal pathogens,Porphyromonas gingivalisandBacteroides forsythuswere labeled with digoxigenin and detected by a colorimetric method. The specificity and sensitivity of the whole genomic and cloned probes were compared. The cloned probes were highly specific compared to the whole genomic probes. A significant degree of cross‐reactivity withBacteroidesspecies.Capnocytophagasp. andPrevotellasp. was observed with the whole genomic probes. The cloned probes were less sensitive than the whole genomic probes and required at least 106 target. cells or a mininium of 10 ng of target DNA to be detected during hybridization. Although a ten‐fold increase in sensitivity was obtained with the whole genomic probes, cross‐hybridization to closely related species limits their reliability in identifying target bacteria in subgingival plaque

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The β1‐integrins (VLA family) are cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) that play a major role in cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. The expression pattern of CAM was studied in 5 clinically normal volunteers with healthy gingiva and in 18 patients with clinically different stages of periodontitis. In healthy human gingiva α2. α3 and α6 integrin chains were found in a characteristic distribution, showing a broad continuous expression on the junctional and sulcular epithelium sites. The expression of these integrins was demonstrated primarily on the basal cell layers and in some cells of the stratum spinosum. Inflammatory stages of periodontitis revealed further upregulation of α2, α3 and α6 integrins into the junctional and sulcular epithelial cells, which correlated with the stage of the periodontitis and the extent of the cellular infiltration. α4 and α6 were found to be the predominant β1 integrin chains on inflammatory cells. The amount of δ4 and ş6 positive infiltrative cells increased with the number of inflammatory cells. VCAM‐1. the corresponding cell‐cell ligand of VLA‐4 (α4) was present on the majority of subepithelial vessels in all stages of gingivitis and periodontitis. The α5 subunit was expressed on both endothelium and gingival connective tissue cells. Samples from advanced periodontitis cases showed a higher number of a5 positive mononuclear cells. In comparison to normal epidermis, a human gingival epithelial cells express higher levels of integrins. This expression is further upregulated in advanced stages of periodontitis, indicating changes of the

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

HPLC on a reversed phase column, amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry were used to determine the structure of two human gingival crevicular exudate oligopeptides (Leu‐Thr‐Pro‐Glu‐Glu‐Lys‐Ser‐Ala‐Val‐Thr‐Ala‐Leu and Leu‐Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro‐Trp‐Thr‐Gln‐Arg‐Phe) which were shown to have been derived from the β‐chain of hemoglobin. These sequences may simply represent two degradation products of the β‐chain. However, their preservation in an exudate characterized by active peptidolysis may also prompt the que

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Porphyromonas gingivalisplays a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, however some individuals withP. gingivalisinfection do not experience periodontal breakdown. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferative responses of two highly defined groups of subjects and to establish and characterize peripheral blood and gingival cell T cell lines and clones from subjects from these groups, The two groups were selected on the basis ofP. gingivalisin their plaque and the presence of serum anti‐P. gingiralisantibodies. Both groups therefore were seen to haveP. gingivalisand to have responded to it. They however differed only in their clinical susceptibility (adult periodontitis) or resistance (gingivitis) to periodontal breakdown. Dose responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells extracted from the subjects showed a trend towards a lower response by the adult periodontitis group toP. gingivalisouter membrane (OM) antigens. Peripheral blood T cell lines and clones responsive toP. gingivalisOM were established from a high responding gingivitis subject and a low responding adult periodontitis subject. Gingival T cell lines and clones were also derived from cells extracted from the periodontal tissues of the same periodontitis subject. The majority of T cells in the peripheral blood T cell line from the gingivitis subject were CD4 while those from the adult periodontitis subject were CD8. The gingival T cell line was CD3+ve CD4‐ve and CD8‐ve. All lines and clones proliferated slowly toP. gingivalisOM but phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced an increase in DNA synthesis in those derived from the gingivitis subject with little to no effect on those established from the adult periodontitis subject. Furthermore. PHA inhibited the proliferative response of the CD8 clone derived from the adult periodontitis subject. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that all the peripheral blood clones expressed the αβ TCR while the gingival T cell clones expressed the γδ TCR. All clones had the memory/primed CD45RO+ve phenotype and at least 80% of cells in each clone were HLA‐DR + ve. A lower percent of gingival cells expressed CD45RA than the CD4 peripheral blood clones and the two CD8 clones also had a decreased CD45RA expression. The gingival T cell clones also expressed a low percent CD25 as did the CD8 clone derived from the adult periodontitis subject. The results suggest that clones derived from the gingivitis and adult periodontitis subject may be functionally different. The presence of γδ T cells in adult periodontitis remains to be confirmed and their functi

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cystatins are physiological inhibitors of cysteine proteinases and they are widely distributed in human tissues and body fluids including saliva. We previously reported an increased cystatin activity in whole saliva of gingivitis and periodontitis subjects. Based on this result we decided to investigate the type and origin of cystatins involved in this increased cystatin activity by collecting both whole and parotid saliva of 25 healthy and 30 periodontitis subjects. Saliva samples were quantified for cystatins S and C by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and cystatin activities were measured toward papain. Besides, three other salivary proteins were determined: the plasma protein albumin, the typical parotid derived amylase and the salivary immunoglobulin IgA. The present investigation shows that levels of total protein and cystatin activity as well as the levels of glandular derived proteins amylase and cystatin C were significantly higher in whole and parotid saliva of subjects with periodontitis than in healthy controls. Cystatin S, the major salivary cystatin. however was higher in the whole saliva of the healthy group. Whole saliva concentrations of albumin and IgA, originating from sources other than the glandular cells, were not different between healthy and periodontitis subjects and were also not correlated with the typical salivary gland proteins. In conclusion, this study provides additional evidence that the human salivary glands may respond to an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, periodontitis, by enhanced synthesis of some acinar protein

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been suggested to play a role in acellular cementum formation and maintenance of periodontal attachment. In an attempt to determine whether changes in attachment level are associated with altered expression of ALP‐activity in the periodontium we induced natural loss of attachment in rats by pinning the lower incisor to the jaw bone. Previous studies have shown that this procedure results in regressive changes in the marginal periodontium without any inflammatory response. Six months after blockage of eruption the attachment level on the experimental (right) side had shifted about 700 μ in the apical direction. On the control (left) side the apical termination of the junctional epithelium had remained stationary with respect to the alveolar crest. Our observations have shown that during the first few weeks of the experiment loss of attachment is accompanied by considerable reduction of ALP‐activity in the supracrestal part of the periodontium. At later time intervals, however, no distinct relation was found between apical migration of junctional epithelium and loss of ALP‐activity in the supracrestal region, indicating that the two phenomena are not directly related to each other. The domain of the ALP‐positive fibroblasts in the supracrestal extension of the periodontal ligament decreased in size and was replaced by ALP‐negative connective tissue cells probably coming from the outer gingival domain. Since at all time intervals a distinct demarcation could be observed between the ALP‐positive and ALP‐negative areas, we interpret our data as indicating that ligament and gingival ce

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY