摘要:

Four agents which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of alveolar bone loss. In periodontaI disease, endotoxin, prostagandin E2(PGE2), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteoclast activating factor (OAF), were studied for their effects on bone resorption as measured by the release of previously incorporated45Ca from long bone shafts of 19 day fetal rats. Endotoxin at concentrations of 4 to 25 ng/ml caused little increase in45Ca release but was able to enhance the response to submaximal concentrations of PGE2, PTH, and OAF. The response appeared synergistic, that is, it was greater than the sum of the individual responses when the agents were added singly. PTH and PGE2do not show such apparent synergism when added together. The effects of endotoxin were not inhibited by three structurally unrelated inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin, flufenamic acid and RO 20–5720, and synergistic responses were similar when PGE2and endotoxin were added in the presence of indomethacin. We conclude that interactions between endotoxin and other bone resorbers can produce unexpectedly large resorptive responses and suggest that these interactions may be important in the pathogenesis of bone loss in periodontaJ disease and other forms of pathologic osteolysi

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00943.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The activity of human gingival collagenase was inhibited by an inhibitor found in an extract of human teeth. This inhibitor, denoted Human Dental Collagenase Inhibitor, was partially purified and found to selectively inhibit human skin and gingival collagenase, as well as tadpole collagenase, but not the bacterial collagenase (Clostridium histolyticum). On the basis of gel filtration analysis we determined that the inhibitor has an apparentmolecular weight of approximately 12,000 daltons, similar tothat reported for other tissue collagenase inhibitors.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00944.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human autopsy specimens bearing posterior teeth with interproximal areas were studied by quantifying various histological parameters. Osteoclasts were found to be equally frequent on the crestal, alveolar wall and endosteal alveolar bone surfaces. Evidence of previous resorption in the form of scalloping suggested that osteoclastic activity had also occurred in the past. The size of the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly correlated with the degree of bone loss, but not with the number of osteoclasts. However, the distance from the apical border of the inflammatory infiltrate to the alveolar bone crest was significantly correlated with both the number of osteoclasts on the alveolar crest, as well as their total number. These findings in the human periodontitis lesion support those from the animal model system which have indicated that the proximity of the inflammatory infiltrate to the bone surface is a significant factor in the osteoclastic resorption of alveolar bone.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00945.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Antibody‐complement‐mediated cytotoxicity for rat fibroblasts was investigated in an in vitro test system after preincubating monolayers with soluble antigens ofA. viscosus. The high molecular weight, water‐soluble, extracellular fraction (HMW‐WS) and the ammonium sulfate precipitate of disrupted cells (BCS‐ASP) were used as antigens, a rabbitanti‐Actinomycesv/scosus‐serum as antibody, and guinea pig serum as source of complement. In a positive control, a marked cytotoxic effect for rat fibroblasts was induced with an anti‐rat‐thymocyte serum and complement. Preincubation of fibroblasts with the antigen preparations ofA. viscosusNy 1 and subsequent exposure to antibodies and complement had no cytotoxic effect on rat fibroblasts. This finding indicates the absence of binding sites for soluble antigens ofA. visco

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The T‐cell triggered effector systems have been emphasized as the most important agents mediating periodontal disease in recent years. It was therefore tempting to investigate whether T‐cell suppression with cyclosporin A (CS‐A) had an effect on the establishment and progression of the disease in rats monoassociated with Actinomyces viscosus Ny 1. The experiment was carried out with two treatments (16 rats each) in two isolators. In one of the isolators CS‐A was added to the high sucrose diet 2000 aiming at a dosage of 15 mg per day and kg bodyweight. In the second isolator (control) the same diet without CS‐A was fed. At day 25, 38, 52 and 65 four animals from each treatment were removed from the isolators. Dental plaque and alveolar bone loss were evaluated. The cellular composition of blood and histological changes of periodontal lesions on a light and electron microscopic level were monitored. In addition antibody titers and the T‐cell suppressing effect of individual serum samples of all animals were determined.Despite clearcut treatment differences in antibody titers as well as an interference by the sera of CS‐A treated animals with the Con A dependent lymphocyte activation, bone loss was observed in both groups. Haematological and histological investigation revealed only minor differences between the two treatments. It is concluded that periodontal disease in monoinfected rats seems to be the result of a multitude of pathomechanisms and not to be strictly correlated with T‐cell dependent h

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper on the periodontal syndrome in the rice rat, the effects of dietary penicillinandtetracyclineonthe progressive inflammatory and degenerative changes (as seen in rice rats fed diet 700 alone) were noted at the light and electron microscopic level. Throughout the observation period (0–14 weeks postweaning), animals fed diet 700 with penicillin or diet 700 with tetracycline showed no evidence of bacterial colonization, a minimal PMN infiltrate restricted to the gingival epithelium and subjacent lamina propria, and no marked degenerative changes within cells that normally inhabited the periodontium (viz. epithelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts). Marked osteoblastic or osteoclastic activity was rarely noted along the alveolar crest in this group of animals.These results give added support to the concept of a single microbial agent or group of microbial agents, as the primary etiology of this diseas

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00948.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ultrastructural changes occurring in porelne epithelium across the mucogingival Junction were studied. Passing from attached gingiva to alveolar mucosa the most striking change in the deeper epithelial layers was a marked decrease in cytoplasmic tonofilaments. There was a gradual reduction in the thickness of the stratum corncum and also in the number of cells contained in this layer. Attached gingiva cells in the upper stratum spinosum and stratum corneurn displayed few interdigitations but as the junctional region was traversed interdigitating cell processes became common in these strata. Intercellular spaces became wider. There is no well defined line which represents vhe mucogingival junction. Rather there is a transitional zone where features of attached gingiva coexist with features of alveolar mucosa. These changes occurring across the mucogingival junction can be correlated with the functional requirement for attached gingiva to be relatively immoveable whilst alveolar mucosa remains flexible.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00949.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 133Xenon clearance technique was used io measure blood flow in the capillary bed of non‐inflamed attached gingiva. Measurements were made before and after brushing in a standardized manner.The results show that blood flow through attached gingiva is greater than in published data for skin and increases significantly with brushing. The increases measured, however, are much smaller than those reported for skin under similar stimuli.It is concluded that the high flow within unbrushed attached gingiva may be nearer the maximal possible flow than is the case for skin. The smaller increases measured as a result of brushing the gingival tissues may therefore represent a near maximal microcirculatory respons

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00950.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The premolar teeth were extracted from eight dogs, and cells from their periodontal ligaments and from attached gingiva were cultured in vitro. The lateral incisors were extracted later, the periodontal ligaments and pulps removed and the root canals filled. The roots were demineralized for 48 h in 0.5M EDTA, pH 7.4, and then divided into three groups. Cultured gingival cells were attached to those in the first group, psriodontal ligament cells to those in the second and no cells to those in the third which acted as controls. The roots were transplanted to holes drilled in the edentulous premolar region of the mandibular alveolar process and completely covered by a gingival flap, the roots and cells always being returned to the same dog from which they were removed. Because of infection, only 20 of the roots were recovered and, of these, only 4 bore periodontal ligament cells. All of the roots exhibited ankylosis and resorption. Only the roots bearing cultured periodontal ligament cells were associated with fragments of new fibrous tissue which was identified as periodontal ligament on the basis of the orientation of its fibres, the presence of Sharpey's fibres in bone and tooth, and cells located in positions normally occupied by osteoblasts and cementoblasts.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Freeze‐dried bone allografts have been used in the treatment of periodontal defects for almost a decade. The present study was undertaken to compare the immunogenicity of freeze‐dried cortical bone allografts with fresh cancellous bone and marrow allografts.Cortical bone from a donor baboon was deep frozen and then freeze‐dried. Cancel lous bone and marrow was removed from the same donor.Angular periodontal osseous defects in the jaws of 2 recipient baboons received freeze‐dried osseous allografts and a third animal received fresh marrow allografts. Three months later the animals received a second identical osseous graft in the arch diagonally opposite the first recipient site.Prior to placing the first grafts and 3 weeks after the second graft was in place51Cr release assays were done for cytotoxic antibody and cytotoxic lymphocytes to determine if the osseous allograft materials induced immune responses on the part of the recipient animals.After the second grafts were in place for 3 weeks, the serum and lymphocytes of the animal grafted with allogeneic cancellous bone and marrow showed a higher degree of cytotoxicity for donor target cells than sera and cells from animals grafted with freeze‐dried material.The results indicate that there was little or no immune response, as detected by the assays used, to freeze‐dried cortical bone allografts in comparison to fresh cancellous bone and marrow

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY