摘要:

Plaque samples were taken from 3 comparably sized areas on the buccal surface of individual teeth of 7 patients with early periodontitis. The total counts from the area immediately coronal to the gingival margin were 10–100 times as high as counts from areas immediately apical to the gingival margin or at the base of the pocket.The microbial composition of the predominant cultivable microbiota in cach of the 3 sites on the teeth of 4 of the patients was studied using comprehensive cultural techniques. The sample were anaerobically dispersed, anaerobically serially diluted and plated in 5 environments. The isolates were extensively characterized and where possible identified to genus or species. The composition of the microbiota differed from subject to subject although the clinical conditions were seemingly similar. The two subjects who had been scaled two weeks prior to sample taking showed relativwely minor differences between the supragingival and subgingival samples. The predominant organisms detected were mainlyS. sanguis,A. viscosus, and “suspected pairs”, in contrast the two subjects who had no scaling showed a remarkable difference between the supragingival and subgingival microbial flora. The subgingival flora consisted mainly of anaerobic microorganisms, with peptostreptococci predominating in one subject andB. melaninogenicusandA. israeliipredominating in the other su

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was undertaken to assay and compare the pathological potential of loosely adherent plaque (LAP) with that of adherent plaque (AP) using the limulus lysate assay (LLA). A technique was devised for collection both AP And LAP from supra‐ as well as subgingival tooth areas under pyrogen‐free conditions. Five supragingival samples (AP&LAP) were collected from teeth (G.I.=<1) after subjects had abstained from tooth cleaning for two weeks. Five subgingival samples were collected from mylar strips one week after placement in periodontal pockets not less than 4 mm and not more than 7 mm in depth. All samples were lyophilized, recontituted and analyzed for plaque mass by the quantitative ninhydrin reaction (Moore and Stein, 1954). Samples were analyzed for limulus lysate activity by a modification of the LLA of Levin and Bang (1964).Results from the five supragingival samples indicate that plaque mass, as determined by the ninhydrin reaction, was 4–5 fold greater in AP than in LAP. In the five subgingival samples, ninhydrin values for AP were two times higher than LAP. In spite of these differences in plaque mass, limulus activity in all LAP samples was consistently higher than in comparable AP samples when expressed as limulus activity per mole of amino acid. These preliminary findings suggest that subgingival LAP, situated in a position of strategic importance, is biologically active and deserves further

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A complement consumption assay was employed to test the consumption of guinea pig complement (GPC) by different sonicate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations obtained fromFusobacterium polymorphum.The consumption of normal GPC was observed at 37 C and varied depending upon the preparation used. All LPS preparations showed minimal activity at the concentrations employed in the assay. The observed anticomplementary activity was less potent at 4 C than at 37 C. Similar anticomplementary patterns were observed when inulin, a recognized activator of the alternate complement pathway, was tested in the complement consumption assay. The reactions of a sonicate preparation ofF. polymorphumwith GPC and hyperimmune rabbit antisera were not affected by the lower temperatures. The addition of heat treated (56 C and 30 min) GPC did not enhance the complement consumption displayed by a sonicate ofF. polymorphum.It is therefore suggested that this organism is capable of alternate pathway activity in GPC. Further tests revealed that the factors associated with the observed anticomplementary activity were resistant to the effects of heat (100 C for 30 min) and were located in the cell wall fractions of the sonicates. The cell walls also displayed endotoxic activity in aLimuluslysate assay. Because of these findings and the consistency of data produced by the cell walls at 37 C, it is concluded that the use of a cell wall preparation might be preferable to LPS in future investigations of this organism with the complement system.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patients with immune system abnormalities were pair‐matched to immunocompetent clinic patients by age and Plaque Index. Clinical examination included comprehensive health histories with summaries of antibiotic experience, Plaque Index (P 1.I.), Gingival Index (G.I.), Periodontal Disease Index (P.D.I.), caries experience (DMF‐T) and full mouth radiographic surveys. Efficiency of matching was confirmed as tests of significance between sample means for age (11.3, 11.3) and P1.I. (1.33, 1.34) showed no difference between the immunodeficient and clinic patient groups respectively. No clinical or radiographic evidence of attachment loss was noted in either group. A significant and consistent diference was observed in gingival inflammation and caries experience. The G.I. was lower (x̄=1.05) in immunodeficient patients than that recorded in clinic patients (x̄=1.46) in all pairs. Similar results were observed for caries experience, and 8 immunodeficient patients demonstrated DMF‐T scores

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present study efforts were made to demonstrate the penetration of topically applied horseadish peroxidase (HRP) through the junctional epithelium of dogs and to study the cellular reactions in normal and sensitized dogs.Three beagle dogs were used. HRP dissolved in saline (5 mg/ml) was topically applied to two jaw quadrants of normal dogs and biopsies obtained after 8 hours. The dogs were then sensitized to HRP>Similar topical applications were carried out in the remaining quadrants and further biopsies taken. The gingival specimens from two dogs were analyzed histometrically with regard to the numerical and volumetric density of inflammatory cells in the junctional epithelium (JE) and subjunctional connective tissue.The histologic and ultrastructural examination showed that topical application of HRP to the gingiva of normal dogs stimulated the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the JE, In sensitized dogs similar HRP application resulted in a six‐fold increase in neutrophils and a two‐fold increase in mononuclear leukocytes. The sensitized dogs also developed and increased volumetric density of inflammatory cells and blood vessels in th subjunctional connective tissue. There was ultrastructural evidence of enhanced phagocytic activity by macrophages accompanied by marked neutrophil degranulat

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peroxidase activity of inflammatory exudate collected from rats was studied in relation to the occurrence of leukocytes. The results proved that peroxidase activity correlates with the degadation rate of leukocytes, incresing activities were observed after breakdown of the cells with the aid of 1% Triton X‐100 and decreasing activities after neutropenia produced by cyclophosphamide. Ion exchange and molecular permeation chromatography as well as column and flat‐bed electrofocusing revealed heterogenic forms of exudate perodidases with pI values of 3.9–4.5, 5.7 and 7.2. Certain similarities with the peroxidases of human gingival exudate and rat inflammatory exudate were observed while human neutrophil myeloperoxidase seemed to have different characteristics. Leukocyte peroxidases are known to be antimicrobial against bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycop

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study was to determine the severity of gingivitis of newly erupted permanent teeth of dogs which had exhibited plaque and gingivitis around the predecessor deciduous teeth. Two litters of 4 and 6 mongrel dogs were assessed clinically using G. I. and P1.I. (Löe 1967) and tests for crevicular exudate. Selected premolar gingiva were biopsied and processed for light microscopy. A plaque inducing diet was fed to 2 dogs in each litter. Control dogs were fed a hard diet and subjected to regular plaque removal procedures, using daily toothbrushing and 0.2% chlorhexidine application. Clinical examinations on canines and premolars were made at weekly intervals from the 16th to the 30th week of age.Results showed that in control dogs, teeth from which plaque was removed regularly exhibited non‐inflamed gingiva throughout the study. Gingivitis in experimental dogs was relaed to the continued presence of plaque. In these dogs, the mean G.I. and P1.I. scores of permanent teeth were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those of the predecessor deciduous teeth which had exhibited plaque and pingivit

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Germfree RIC‐Sprague‐Dawley rats, ranging in age between 30 and 80 days, were used to establish age‐related changes in the periodontal tissues around upper and lower molars. At consecutive steps with a 10‐day interval each, uper and lower jaws of these animals were excised and processed for (1) direct observation and histometric measurements connective tissue composition. The data obtained suggested that during the observational period (1) the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest increased at the lingual side of lower first and the palatal and lingual side of upper and lower second molars but, on any other site, remained constant with time, (2) the junctional epithelium sporadically retracted in coronal direction at all sides of upper and lower molars but, interdentally between first and second molars, this retraction was accompanied by the formation of afibrillar cementum spurs overlapping the cervical enamel, (3) the size and numerical density of gingival fibroblasts changed, while the overall volume density of collagen, except at the oral site, remained constant with time. These age‐dependent alterations are of considerable interest when studying inflammatory periodontal destruction as well as in relation to tooth eruption and connective tiss

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development and reproducibility of maximal clenching forces developed between two antagonistic teeth on a gnathodyamometer were examined. All the occlusal surface of the two teeth was used by adapting acrylic bite blocks on the dynamometer. It appeared that the maximal clenching force is a reproducible value. Itwas also noted that the developed force increases progressively when a maximal clenching effort is exerted successively every fiften seconds, even after a pause of five minutes. After about ten clenching efforts the developed force became stabilized. However, when the subject paused for ten minutes, the clenching force he developed immediately afterwards, returned to the level at the beginning of the experiment.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY