摘要:

Hyaluronidase activity has been studied in gingival crevicular material from clinically healthy and chronically inflamed gingivae, and in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) from peritoneal exudates. Activity was demonstrated by determining the release of N‐acetyl‐glucosamine from purified hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronidase activity was found in gingival crevicular material within the pH range. 3‐7. with pH optima at 3.7 and 6.0. Material from inflamed gingivae showed greater enzyme activity than that from healthy gingivae. Hyaluronidase activity was present in homogenates of neutrophils from peritoneal exudates with a pH optimum of 3.7. Little enzyme activity was found above pH 5.0. This suggests that the hyaluronidase activity at pH 3.7 in gingival crevicular material might originate from neutrophils in the gingival cr

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA new, systematic and precise method, used for the quantiative estimation of the principal tissue components (epithelial, connective tissue, vascular and inflammatory) of the gingiva and the number of mast cells per unit area of gingival tissue is described in detail. About 500 gingival sections were studied and more thatn 30,000 mast cells were counted with this method.The material consisted of gingival biopsy specimens removed from 137 patients with either clinically normal or infamed and hyperplastic gingiva.The biopsy technique and the processing of the gingival tissues are described. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Toluidine Blue, Astrablau and Periodic Acid‐Schiff's method.The instruments used in this study, the micrometer component quantitator and an alternative, the light microscope tissue quantitator are also described. Examples of the results obtained are presented and other considerations related to this method are discusse

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb01522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb01521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ultramicrochemical methods were used to assay lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H.) activity in non‐ inflamed attached gingival tissue of dogs. Precautions were taken to insure the clinical and histological non‐inflamed status of the gingivectomy specimens. Frozen dried sections were dissected under a stereomicroscope into representative morphologically distinct fragments which ranged in weight from 12 to 240 nanograms (10−9grams). Quantitative results for the various strata of epithelium, connective tissue and whole epithelium were calculated. The mean L.D.H. activity was reported in micromoles per gram of dry tissue weight per minute at 37°C: surface layer, O; granular layer, 303; spinous layer, 613; basal layer, 801; connective tissue, 42; and whole epithelium, 574. These results are in agreement, for the most part, with L.D.H. activity assayed in other oral masticatory mucosal tissue, such as rat palate, which is less susceptible to chronic inflammatory process than is gingival

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase in human gingival epithelium was studied using a unidirectional scanning method of microspectrophotometric evaluation. The quantitative analysis was directed to obtain information on the mean enzymatic content of gingival epithelium in different areas and localization of layers of different enzymatic concentration within each epithelial area explored.Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase had its maximum content in epithelium of marginal gingiva and lower contents in oral mucosa epithelium, crevicular epithelium and epithelial attachment.uccinic dehydrogenase content was greater in attached gingiva than in all other zones. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase increased its concentration from the basal to the superficial layers in attached and marginal gingiva, remained stable in all strata of oral mucosal epithelium and crevicular epithelium and reduced its activity towards the surface in epithelial attachment. Succinic dehydrogenase decreased its concentration from the basal to the superficial layers i

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Albino hamsters infected with a catalase negative strain ofActinomycesof human origin developed a root surface and periodontal syndrome similar to that previously described in hamsters. Deposits of radicular plaque developed, and areas of alveolar bone resorption were noted adjacent to tooth surfaces that had been coated with copious amounts of plaque. Gingival plaque contained large numbers of microorganisms with identical characteristics to those of the infecting strain.Groups of gnotobiotic rats were separately infected with two human strains ofActinomyees, one of which was representative ofA. viscosus. Gingival distortion, pocketing, alveoloclasia, and root caries were associated with the impaction of hair fibers and the formation of bacterial mats on root surfaces. In many areas bacterial coats had spread over more than half of the exposed root surfaces of maxillary first and second molars. Primary and secondary dentin was often destroyed by an invasion of these microorganisms that in some cases penetrated to the pulp chamber.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighten black and white weanling rats were divided equally into three groups, and each group received a diet which was either adequate in all respects, deficient in calcium only or in calcium and vitamin D. After 7 weeks each rat received an intra‐peritoneal injection of 3H‐proline (5μ Ci/g body weight; 578 m Ci/mM) and was sacrificed 5 hours later. The buccal mucosa and the attached gingiva were removed, the unbound labelled proline removed by dialysis and salt soluble and insoluble tissue fractions were separated by dialysis and filtration. Each fraction was gelatinised then hydrolysed and hydroxyproline estimation and tritium counting were carried out on the hydrolysate.Larger amounts of insoluble than of salt soluble collagen were recovered. Labelled proline was incorporated in measurable amounts into the insoluble collagen in the relatively short interval before sacrifice. The specific activities of the salt soluble collagen were greater than those of the insoluble collagen and showed greater variation within each dietary group.The rate of incorporation of labelled proline into insoluble oral collagen in rats deficient in calcium was significantly (p = 0.01) greater than normal and was significantly decreased (p = 0.01) in rats deficient in calcium and vitam

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After normal tooth mobility was measured for thirty‐two incisors in six adult male monkeys (Macaca irus) trauma to the mesial or distal gingiva was produced by passing a scalpel blade down the gingival crevice until the alveolar crest was reached. Force was then applied towards or away from the lesion and the mobility reassessed. A fine steel blade was then passed into the periodontal membrane on the same side as the gingival lesion to a depth of the apical one third, a manoeuvre which was completed in one and a half minutes. The mobility was again estimated. Significant increases in mobility were produced when the periodontal tissues were traumatised but the increases in mobility which followed disruption of the gingival regions were significant only on the side of compression. Damage to areas of tension in the membrane caused an increase of similar magnitude to trauma of areas of compression. It is concluded that both these mechanisms operate when horizontal force is applied to teeth in the approximal direction and appear to be of equal importanc

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The non‐linear response of the tooth to external stresses is due to the interaction of the fibrous, cellular and vascular elements of the supportive tissues. In this study the relaxation of the central incisors after the suden removal of axial forces of 2.5 Newton was investigated in three monkeys. The displacement‐time curve was analysed using a technique of exponential curve fitting. Analysis shows that the periodontium is viscoelastic in nature and may be represented by three and possibly five Voigt elements. Comparison of the upper and lower incisors indicate that while the same basic processes are active in both mandible and maxilla they are different in magnitude. In the case of the fastest acting Voigt element the response is more rapid for lower teeth than for upper ones, corresponding either to less damping or a stronger spring constant. This difference in magnitude is presumably due either to differences in the architecture of the periodontium and alveolar bone or to the local blood supply. The authors are indebted to Dr. M. Braden of the London Hospital Medical College for his advice and guidance. Thanks are due also to members of the Department of Medical Physics of the University College Hospital, particularly Mr. J. S. Clifton for his encouragement, Mr. M. Conway and Mr. R. Favre for the construction of the force applicator and Mr. K. J. Cassell for his assista

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A longitudinal study of 127 children between the ages of 11 and 17 years revealed a high initial prevalence of gingivitis that tended to decline slightly with age. The distribution of the ages of the children when experiencing their observed maximum amount of gingivitis was consistent with the hypothesis that there is a relationship between puberty and gingivitis. There was also evidence that at the time of the peak gingivitis experience the gingival tissues were exhibiting a heightened response to irritation.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1972.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY