摘要:

Periodontal disease is a common inflammatory disease which erodes the supporting structures of the teeth, and is initiated by a subgingival infection with selected Gram‐negative bacteria. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of four periodontal pathogens,A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, F. nucleatumandP. gingivaliswere examined for specificity and their ability to bind these pathogens in a particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA). The mAb selected were specific for their homologous bacteira and when tested against a large battery of other bacteria, including 16 genera and 46 species, were found not to cross‐react with heterologous species. When each of the mAb was challenged with 40 or more homologous freshly isolated bacteria, more than 90% were positive. Non‐cellular antigens in the form of soluble LPS and extracellular vesicles were examined for their ability to bind to assay components and alter the apparent results of the assay. LPS was found to have potential as an interfering agent if bound to assay components prior to sample treatment, but this non‐specific binding was significantly reduced when a surfactant was added to the buffers. Extracellular vesicles had no significant effect on the estimation ofP. gingivalisby th

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the localization of collagen types I, III, IV, V, VI and VII as well as the glycoprotein fibronectin in nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth. The slices, after the use of indirect immunofluorescence (incubation with antibodies against these extracellular matrix components), showed a diffuse distribution with the anit‐types I and III in the stroma and fluorescent staining of the basement membranes of the epithelium, blood vessels and nerves with collagen type IV antibodies. The increased number of vessels was localized near the surface of the lesion. Collagen tyep V ‐ seen as a filamentous ‐ and collagen type VI ‐ as microfibrillar ‐ components were also localized in the tissue, showing completely different patterns of distribution. Collagen type V appeared “crater”‐like and type VI displayed a “honeycomb”‐shaped structural model. The blood vessels were not stained but the area around their walls demonstrated an intense fluorescence with these antibodies. Collagen type VII showed a characteristic linear staining near to the epithelial basement membrance. In contrast to this, fibronectin localized with a varied intensity in the different areas of the tissues and presented a “could”‐like structure. This shows differences between the matrix components in nifedipine‐induced hyperplasia and confirms the heterogeneity of the matrix in hea

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to develop an ELISA method to detect chondroitin sulfate isomer‐linked proteoglycans in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to lelucidate the role played by the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in GCF during experimentally‐induced periodontitis in dogs. Experimental periodontitis was induced by placement of a silk ligature below the gingival margin of the molar teeth in 3 mongrel dogs. GCF was collected using microcapillary tubes at 0. 7.21 and 60 days after ligature placement. Too compare with GAG in GCF, bovinenasal cartilage proteoglycan monomer, dog's serum and supernatant of homogenized gingival tissuw were prepared. Combination of monoclonal antibodies, 3B3 and 9A2, and specific enzymatic digestion made possible the indentification of chondroitin 4 sulfate (C4S), chondroitin 6 sulfate (C6S) and dermatan sulfate (DS). The ELISA method detected very small amounts of chondroitin sulfate (CS) isomers (15‐1000 ng/ml of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan). The ELISA value of CS isomers in GCF was lower than that of homogenized gingival tissue but higher than that of the serum. The ELISA value of C4S, C6S and DS, although fluctuating, increased in proportion to the severity of the inflamm

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hemagglutinin ofFusobacterium nucleatumwas extracted from Triton X‐100‐pronase P‐treated cell envelopes, and was purified by affinity chromatography on L‐arginine agarose. The hemagglutinin was inactivated by heating at 70°C for 1 min. The activity was inhibited by L‐arginine but was not affected by any sugars or by EDTA. The hemagglutinin aggreggated 14 out of 17 strains of oral streptococci tested, and the bacterial aggregating activity was also inhibited by L‐arginine. The results indicate the dominant role of this hemagglutinin in the adherence of this bacterium both to host cells and to ot

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Screening tests on the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates using 23 different kinds of Kampo medicines (Chinese traditional medicines) were carried out, at concentrations where the effects of chelation are not significant. Four of them, Hochu‐ekki‐to (TJ‐41), Kyuki‐kyogai‐to (TJ‐77), Oren‐to (TJ‐120) and Inchin‐ko‐to (TJ‐135) showed an inhibitory effect on the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The inhibitory effect on the induction time and the rate of transformation to hydroxyapatite (HAP) varied greatly among the 23 Kampo medicines. We classified them according to their effects on increasing the induction time and/or decreasing the rate of HAP transformation. Ethane‐1‐hydroxy‐1, 1‐diphosphonate (EHDP) was used as the standard. This compound is a common toothpaste additive which decreases dental calculus formation. Two of the 23 Kampo medicines showed little or no inhibition either on the induction time or on the rate of HAP transformation. Twelve of them reduced the rate of HAP transformation by 20‐40% and with 1.9‐ to 4.0‐fold increases in the induction time. The remaining nine showed even greater activity. Keishi‐ninjin‐to (TJ‐82), Dai‐kenchu‐to (TJ‐100), Toki‐to (TJ‐102), Rikko‐san (TJ‐110) and San'o‐shashin‐to (TJ‐113) showed the same inhibitory effect as EHDP. Shigyaku‐san (TJ‐35;5.2‐fold), Dai‐kanzo‐to (TJ‐84;4.9‐fold), Oren‐gedoku‐to (TJ‐15:12.7‐fold) and Inchin‐ko‐to (TJ‐135;9.5‐fold) had a greater effect on the increase of induction time than EHDP and reduced the rate of HAP transformation by 50‐60%. These results suggest that these nine kind

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The exact cell type and site(s) involved in interleukin‐1 (lL‐1) production during gingival inflammation was determined by combining immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization. IL‐1 messenger RNA (mRNA)‐expressing cells in human inflamed gingiva were identified as macrophages. The rate of IL‐α mRNA expression in these macrophages was the same as IL‐1βmRNA expression. The rate of IL‐1 mRNA expression was higher in connective tissue furthest from the pocket epithelium, although more macrophages were present at the connective tissue subjacent to the pocket epithelium. The IL‐1 activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) obtained from inflamed gingiva was higher than that from healthy gingiva and decreased after periodontal therapy. The IL‐1 activity in GCF was almost completely abolished by the addition of anti‐IL‐1α antibody but not by anti‐IL‐1βantibody, indicating that IL‐1α is the predominant form in GCF. However, the IL‐1 activity in GCF was unrelated to the number of IL‐1 mRNA‐exprerssing macrophages in the same gingival site where the GCF was obtained at the same time. The results suggest that macrophages in the connective tissue subjacent to the oral epithelium contribute to the production of IL‐1 but those in connective tissue subjacent to the pocket epithelium play a different role in

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Salivary protein, albumin and cystatin concentrations were investigated in subjects with a periodontium and in patients with gingivitis or periodontitis were signigicantly increased compared with healthy subjects. Salivary protein ans albumin appeared to be positively correlated in all the groups, which suggests that the increase in salivary protein concentration in subjects with gingivitis or perodontitis is caused by leakage of plasma proteins. Cystatin concentrations in saliva of subjects with periodontitis wer significantly increased when compared with the healthy group and the gingivitis group (p<0.01). In the gingivitis and perodontitis group, salivary custatin was only weakly correlated with albumin concentations, which suggests that the increased salivary cystatin activity found in subjects with gingivitis and periodontitis is derived from sources otehr than plasma.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen specimens of periodontal pockets and the associated marginal gingiva were collected and either frozen for examination using antibodies against various defined cytokeratin specificities or processed for 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. The epithelium forming the pocket lining typically extended into the connective tissue of the pocket wall in the form of a network of finger‐like strips. Immunocytological staining indicated that keratins (K) 5, 6, 14 and 19 were expressed by almost all cells of the pocket lining and K13 and K16 by the suprabasal cells. The coronal region of the pocket lining showed some cells staining for K4, Staining for K8 and K18 was seen in the apieal region of the pocket lining and in the finger‐like extensions of epithelium into the connective tissue. Compared with normal gingiva, the sulcular and the oral gingival epithelia showed a marked increase in staining for K19. Surprisingly, the pattern of keratin expression of the epithelium of the pocket lining was found to be essentially similar to that of normal junctional epithelium and the anatomical position of the boundaries between each epithelial phenotype were not significantly altered. These patterns of keratin expression were confirmed by the 2D electrophoretic analyses of microdissected regions of epithelium. The potential significance of inflammation to the epithelial changes associated with pocket formation is disc

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Stimulus transmission across dentine, in conditions such as dentine hypersensitivity, is considered to occur via a hydrodynamic mechanism. This fluid flow in dentine may then induce a mechanoreceptor response in pulpal nerves. However, when fluid flows through a porous structure electrical potentials are also generated. The aim of this tudy was to develop a reproducible model system to measure streaming potential across dentine and hydroxyapatite and determine the influence of pressure. Using an acrylic cell, with silver electrodes, streaming potentials were recorded across dimensionally standardized dentine and hydroxyapatite specimens, over a pressure range of 1–6 atmospheres. Streaming potentials were found to be directly proportional to pressure and dependent on the electrical conductivity of the saline used in the cell. The results confirm the limited existing data on streaming potentials across dentine and indicate that at these low pressures excitation of pulpal nerves would not occur. However, if as may be the case, stimuli applied to dentine create very high pressures, the resultant potentials generated could indeed evoke a neural response. The model system is worthy of further use to study this phenomenon and the factors which may influence i

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using 12‐ to 18‐month ‐old rats, we examined the ultrastructural and cytochemical features of multinucleated fibroblastic cells (MFCs) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of molars. In aged rats, the MFCs were distributed randomly in the PDL and exhibted cytoplasmic structural variations which were not dependent on the number of nuclei. There was a tendency for the MFCs to cluster in the PDL. The MFCs, rich in cytoplasmic organelles involved with procollagen synthesis such a rought endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, incorporated and secreated3H‐prolince‐labled products. The MFcs also possessed many phagosomes containing intact collagen fibrils.n These MFCs were apparently involved in phagocytosis and intracellular degradation of incorporated collagen fibrils. Phagosome‐rich MFCs contain acid phosphatase activity in primary and secondary lysosomes, similar ro stronger in intensity to that which can be demonstrated in mononuclear fibroblasts. However, unlike mononuclear fibroblasts, the MFcs did not exhibit alkaline phosphatase acitivity along their plasma membranes. These results suggest that MFcs demonstrate a range of fibroblastic cellular activity, including collagen phagocytosis, and that they may lack certain plasma membrane glycoproteins, which might explain the occurrence of multinucleation in

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY