摘要:

The predominant dental plaque flora was compared between two groups of adult beagle dogs, (1) ten with gingivitis and (2) ten with advanced periodontitis. Plaque from a maxillary third premolar was cultured under strict anaerobic conditions. Specimens comprising the marginal periodontal tissues were taken at the plaque sampling site and analyzed for some histological parameters of periodontal disease. The periodontitis dogs scored significantly higher for crevice depth, length of ulcerated crevice epithelium, area of inflamed connective tissue, and loss of attachment. Supragingival periodontitis plaque had significantly higher anaerobic to aerobic ratio, proportions and CFU of esculin negative streptococci, but lower proportions ofActinomyces viscosus. Subgingival periodontitis plaque had significantly higher anaerobic to aerobic ratio, microscopic counts of spirochetes, total viable CFU, proportions and CFU of esculin negative streptococci andFusobacterium nucieatum, as well as CPU ofBacteroides asaccharolyticus, Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli, but significantly lower proportions ofA. viscosusand unspeciated actinomycetes. The total viable CFU, proportions and CFU of esculin negative streptococci correlated with all four histological parameters of periodontal disease. The CFU ofB. asaccharolyticus, bacilli, and coccobacilli correlated with the length of ulcerated crevice epithelium and loss of attachment, butF. nucleatumonly with the area of inflamed connective tissue and loss of attachment.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The predominant cutivahle flora of 3‐ and 8‐hr‐old dento‐gingival plaque formed on a buccal tooth surface and on Mylar strips ligated to a buccal surface was studied in 6 students with healthy gingiva. Differential counts of various bacterial types were also performed by direct microscopy. In 6 other students. 1‐ and 3‐day‐old plaque was similarly studied. From each sample. 31–111 strains (a total of 2,867 strains) were characterized. Streptococci predominated at all times. Most of these were Streptococcus milior. Sfreptococcus sunguis and Streptococcus milleri. Very few Gram‐negative cocci were isolated from 3‐ and 8‐hr samples, whereas Veillonella constituted about 20 Q of the strains from 1‐ and 3‐day plaque. Gram‐positive rods increased from low proportions in most 3‐ and 8‐ hr samples to median values of 21% and 25% in 1‐ and 3‐day plaque. In 3‐ and 8hr samples all the Gram‐positive rods were facultative anaerobes (most of them Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyes nueslundii). In 1‐ and 3‐day samples obligatdy anaerobic Grampositive rods also appeared. Gram‐negative rods were virtually absent from 3‐ and 8‐hr plaque. Ohligately anaerobic Gram‐negative rods appeared in low proportions in 1‐ and 3day samples (median 4% and 7%). Large site‐to‐site variations were found but no systematic d

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Optimal conditions for labellingActinomyces viscosus(T14V) in thin sections by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique are described. The influence of several fixatives on the degree of labelling of bacterial cells was tested in pure cultures and in dental plaques. Some pure cultures were also processed without prior fixation. The effect of different incubation conditions on the degree of labelling was evaluated in pure cultures. The optimal labelling conditions included fixation with paraformaldehyde (4%) plus glutaraldehyde (0.25%), incubation with highly diluted rabbit anti‐T14V γglobulin for 24 hours at 4°C, followed by incubation with diluted sheep anti‐rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, and subsequent histochemical visualization of the peroxidase. Optimal labelling conditions were used to check for cross‐reactions between the anti‐T14V γ‐globulin and some common oral bacteria. The well‐known cross‐reaction withActinomyces naeslundiiwas noted, as well as a slight cross‐reaction withBacterionema matruchotii.Optimal conditions were used for labelling sections of dental plaques. Wide variations were observed in the number of labelled cells. Cells labelled with anti‐T14V γ‐globulin were unlabelled when consecutive sections of these cells were treated with control normal rabbit serum γ‐globulin oranti‐Streptococcus mutansγglobulin. Cells labelled with anti T14V γglobulin tended to be cocco‐bacillary in shape in the superficial layers of plaque. The deeper layers exhibited more filamentous forms. These observations are compatible with the known ple

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The virulence of different black‐pigmentedBacteroidesstrains (BPB) was studied using monoinfections in an experimental animal model. Bacterial suspensions were injected subcutaneously in the back of mice. After four days the mice were killed and the induced inflammations were examined histologically.Bacteroides gingivalisstrains, which are mostly isolated from subgingival plaque associated with adult destructive periodontitis. were characterized by inducing a spreading type of inflammation, mostly resulting in a gravity abscess or a phlegmonous abscess. Strains ofBacteroides melaranogenicussubspeciesintermedius, isolated from gingivitis or periodontitis, always induced a localized abscess at the site of injection. MostBacteroides asaccharolyticusstrains, which are isolated from nonoral sites, caused a localized inflammation, andBacteroides melaninogenicussubspeciesmelaninogenicusstrains caused only minimal inflammatio

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphoid cells were isolated from human gingival tissues which were indexed clinically as normal, periodontal inflammation without pocket formation, and periodontitis or inflammation with pocket formation. These isolated gingival inflammatory cells were then assessed for their ability to kill gingival fibroblastsin vitroand to produce lymphotoxin withoutin vitrostimulation. Lymphocytes isolated from clinically normal gingival tissues showed no cytotoxic activity and did not produce significant amounts of lymphotoxin. Conversely, cells from inflamed tissues with no pocket were cytotoxic at a low level for gingival fibroblasts and produced some lymphotoxin. Cells isolated from periodontitis tissues (inflamed with pocket) showed a greater degree of cytotoxicity for the fibroblasts. and the activity increased with increasing numbers of lymphoid cells. These cells appeared to be very active. since a ratio of one lymphocyte per fibroblast still showed significant killing. In addition, lymphotoxin was elaborated by these periodontitis lymphocytes in culture. These data indicated that a local hyperimmune response was present in chronically inflammed gingiva and that the lymphoid cells were activated and had the potential for tissue destruction.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human gingival tissue biopsies were classified as “initial or early” or “established or advanced” periodontal lesions on the basis of the histopathological criteria of Page and Schroeder (1976). The percentage of plasma cells in each specimen that could recognize somatic antigens associated with one of four bacterial strains was then determined by incubating frozen sections of the gingiva with rhodamine‐labeled bacterial cells. The sections were also briefly incubated with a fluorescein‐labeled antibody to human immunoglobulins to facilitate plasma cell detection. Of the bacterial strains tested (Bacteriodes gingivslis, Actinomyces viscosusstrains ATCC 27044 and T14–V, andActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans). onlyB. gingivaliswas found to bind to a significantly higher percentage of plasma cells in the more advanced lesions as compared with the earlier lesions (16.3 % versus 3.7 %). These results suggest an important role for somatic antigens associated withB. gingivalisin the immunopathogenesis of human

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fibroblasts of the transseptal fiber region of the periodontal ligament contain well developed bundles of microfilaments or stress fibers. The stress fibers are made up of numerous parallel and closely packed cytoplasmic filaments approximately 6 nm wide. These intra‐cellular stress fibers appear to be connected to and colinear with extracellular non‐striated microfibrils. The junction occurs at a juxta‐membrane dense patch called the fibronexus (Singer 1979).Similar associations of cytoplasmic microfilament bundles and the attachment protein fibronectin have been shown by other investigators to be necessary for cell attachment to substrata and oriented cell migration in fibroblasts culturedin

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six variables of periodontal pathology were independently measured by two periodontists in a study of healthy male adult participants from the VA Dental Longitudinal Study. Two examination sets containing a total of 50 volunteers were compared to establish interexaminer agreement. Measures of gingival recession, tooth mobility, calculus accumulation, and plaque accumulation exhibited high interexaminer correlation. The measures of periodontal pocket depth and gingival health also showed good levels of agreement, but reflected the examination order; the second examiner consistently scored more severe disease because of the invasive nature of these measures. Establishment of the reproducibility of periodontal pathology measurements is essential for studies which involve more than one examiner. This investigation demonstrated a high confidence level of reproducibility for the six measures utilized and showed that recalibration enhanced the initial training procedure and increased examiner agreement above the initial level.

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was undertaken to determine if prostaglandins play a role in the events leading to loss of bone in the ligature model of periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced by placement of the ligatures around mandibular teeth on one side of the jaw of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). From one day prior to ligature placement, half the animals were administered indomethacin (5 mg/kg/day), a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Animals were sacrificed after one and two weeks of experimental periodontitis. It was found that indomethacin treatment abolished the significant losses of alveolar bone height and bone mass seen in non‐indomethacin‐treated (NIT) animals following ligature placement. Indomethacin also depressed the large increase in osteoclast density measured at one week in the NIT animals. The results support the hypothesis that prostaglandins are an important mediator of bone loss in the ligature model of periodontitis. Evidence is also presented for the coupling of bone resorption with osteoblastic neo‐osteogenesis on both periodontal ligament and endosteal bone sur

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study tested the effects of supervised chlorhexidine digluconate (CH) mouthrinses on plaque and gingivitis in school children. 158 children (aged 10–12 years) participated in the study. They were divided into four groups matched according to age, sex. DMFS, and GI. Following a sealing and prophylaxis procedure. Group A was assigned to daily mouthrinses 6 times per week using a .2 % solution of CH. Group B used the same solution only twice per week, and Group C was assigned to daily rinsing using a .1 % solution of CH. Group D served as control and rinsed daily with a placebo solution. All the rinsings were supervised and timed for 30 seconds. No attempt was made to influence the oral hygiene habits of the children. Prior to the initial prophylaxis and after 6 months of supervised rinsing, plaque was scored using the Plaque Index (PII), and gingivitis was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI). Calculus was scored according to the Calculus Surface Index (CSI), and stain was also graded. DMFS indices were assessed using clinical and radiographic examinations. At the end of the study plaque was significantly reduced in all CH groups when compared with the controls, and calculus increased significantly in all CH groups. In Group A the GI dropped from .88 to .15 and in Group C from .80 to .24. In Group B the GI dropped from .79 to .38. In the control group a slight reduction from GI = .93 to GI = .75 was noted. The study has shown that gingivitis can be controlled successfully on a longitudinal basis using .1 % or .2 % mouthrinses of CH as an adjunct to daily toothbrushin

ISSN:0022-3484    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY