ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Medical knowledge has been significantly expanded by the techniques of molecular genetics. A new technology, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (1–6), has produced a quantum leap in the field of molecular genetics. PCR uses anin vitrochemical reaction to amplify impure DNA, either fragmented or intact. A defined DNA fragment can be amplified a millionfold in a relatively brief incubation (a few hours). The ability to amplify minute quantities of crude DNA gives the method extraordinary power and sensitivity, DNA can be amplified from fixed pathologic specimens (7), buccal cells from mouth washes (8), a single human hair (9), and solitary cells (10). Once amplified, large DNA samples can be studied by electrophoresis, Southern and slot blot, and other technique

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dermo‐epidermal separation through the lamina lucida is an essential technique for immunoblotting studies and for the diagnostic immunofluorescence of autoimmune bullous diseases. The most widely used methods of producing skin separation in the laboratory are suction blister induction and incubation in 1 molar sodium chloride. More recently the use of a proteolytic enzyme, thermolysin, has been described for this purpose. We examined the electron microscopic appearance of five suction blisters, five skin specimens separated by 1 M NaCl, and five treated with thermolysin. Both suction blister formation and treatment with 1 M NaCl resulted in a clean separation through the lamina lucida in all specimens examined. However specimens treated with thermolysin developed intra‐epidermal separation in four cases without any lamina lucida separation in three. Suction blister formation was associated with hemidesmosome disruption. Incubation in 1 M NaCl remains the most reproducible, convenient, and reliable method of producing dermo‐epidermal separation in the laboratory.Willsteed EM, Bhogal BS, Das A, Bekir SS, Wojnarowska F, Black MM, Mckee PH. An ultrastructural comparison of dermo‐epidermal separation tec

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are immunologic reactions to drugs which produce erythematous plaques or blisters that characteristically recur at the same cutaneous sites with repeated anti‐genie challenges. While a detailed pathogenesis of these lesions remains obscure, T‐lymphocyte infiltration has been documented repeatedly. In this study, we tried to determine if FDE were mediated, at least in part, by cytokines, such as gamma‐interferon. We examined biopsies from 6 cases of clinically well‐documented FDE with an HLA‐DR antibody, LN3, and an antibody to gamma IP‐10 (IP‐10), a protein expressed by keratinocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial cells following exposure to gamma‐interferon. We found staining of the dermal lymphocytes with anti‐HLA‐DR antibody in all 6 cases examined. Keratinocytes and endothelial cells showed only focal staining at the antibody concentrations used. In addition, there was keratinocyte staining with the IP‐10 antibody at all levels of the epidermis, with accentuation in areas of blister formation. There was more intense staining of keratinocytes with the IP‐10 antibody in cases with accumulations of HLA‐DR positive lymphocytes in the dermis. We believe that these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that FDE represent cell‐mediated immunologic responses to a variety of antigens, and further, that the histologic alterations can be explained, at least in part, by

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Benign adnexal tumors of the skin, excluding pilomatrixomas, were identified in 28 patients between the ages of 4 and 20 years with a mean age of 15; 23 women and 5 men. Most lesions were described as papules and they occurred on the face, scalp and neck in 75% of cases. Trichoepithelioma and syringoma accounted for 56% of all neoplasms. Only one patient gave a history of familial trichoepitheliomas. The remaining tumors were examples of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, eccrine acrospiroma, and eccrine and apocrine hidrocystomas. Excisional biopsy constituted the treatment in all cases; only one neoplasm, an eccrine acrospiroma, recurred locally.

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Majocchi's granuloma (nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis) is a well recognized but uncommon infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissue by fungal organisms (dermatophytes) usually limited to the superficial epidermis. The organism usually associated with Majocchi's granuloma isTrichophylon rubrum; however, other dermatophytes includingT. mentagrophytes(varietygranulosum),T. epilans,T. violaceum,M. audouinii,M. gypseum,M. ferrugineum, andM. canismay be the causative agent. A review of 17 cases revealed not only the variety of possible organisms but also a marked variation from the usual hyphal forms. The morphologic variations including yeast forms, bizarre hyphae, mucinous coatings, and the Splendore‐Hoeppeli phenomenon may be factors which allow the dermatophytes to persist and grow in an abnormal location. Also, there is evidence that Majocchi's granuloma may occur in two distinct groups of patient

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sequential skin biopsies were obtained from five patients receiving chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia. The first specimen was taken on the fourth day of initial chemotherapy and subsequent specimens were obtained at weekly intervals thereafter, until discharge. In all cases, clinically normal skin was selected as the biopsy site. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was applied to frozen tissue sections, including anti‐intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), anti‐lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐l), and anti‐HLA‐DR. Bound antibody was detected using the avidin‐biotin complex method. Endothelial cell expression of ICAM‐1 and lymphocyte expression of LFA‐1 were unaffected over the course of the ensuing, profound marrow aplasia. This finding suggests that this mechanism of lymphocyte trafficking in the skin remains operational despite the administration

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied two cases of pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (PNTI) by routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using antibodies to HMB‐45 “melanoma associated” antigen, S‐100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu‐7 antigen, chromogranin, epithelial membrane antigen, collagen Type IV, alpha‐fetoprotein and muscle‐specific actin and to the intermediate filaments cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin and neural filaments. We found that the large epithelioid cells, many of which contained melanin pigment, were strongly positive for CK and HMB‐45, and less intensively positive for vimentin and NSE. The small neuroblast‐like cells revealed only focal, weak NSE positivity. Both cell types were negative for S‐100 protein and for the other antigens examined. Our results suggest that: (1) the large and small cell populations in PNTI have different immunophenotypes; (2) the expression of CK and HMB‐45, together with the S‐100 negativity, appears unique for the pigmented cells; and (3) this profile may be helpful in the exclusion of melanoma and peripheral neuroblastoma from the differential diagnosis.Argenyi ZB, Schelper RL, Balogh K. Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A light microscopic and im

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The infrastructure of hairless mouse skin exposed to UVB radiation and followed by retinoic acid treatment was studied to identify alterations induced in both epidermis and dermis. Female mice were irradiated 3 times weekly for 5–6 months; a group of these mice was then treated topically 3 times weekly for 10 weeks with either 25 μg all‐trans‐retinoic acid dissolved in acetone or with acetone alone. Age‐matched, unexposed, untreated mice served as controls. Cutaneous changes induced by UVB radiation included keratinocyte mitochondrial inclusions often accompanied by damaged cristae, duplication of basement membrane, increased number of dermal fibroblasts, inflammatory cells and elastic fibers, and abnormal elastic fibers. Subsequent retinoic acid treatment resulted in more prominent mitochondrial inclusions which sometimes coalesced to form irregular contoured bodies. Also observed were lipid droplets in the stratum corneum, glycogen deposits in keratinocytes and granular material in dilated keratinocyte endoplasmic reticulum. Poorly differentiated epidermis with necrotic or apoptotic cells was present in some specimens. Elastic fibers were fewer and usually morphologically normal. Skin exposed to UVB and treated with vehicle appeared similar to control except for the presence of excess basement membrane and occasional small mitochondrial inclusions. Because of the heightened concern regarding UV radiation‐induced damage to the human skin and the current topical use of retinoids, the cutaneous changes described are considered worthy of attention.Feldman D, Bryce GF, Shapiro SS. Ultrastructural effects of UVB radiation and subsequent retinoic acid treatment on the skin of hai

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the skin are extremely rare tumors. We describe a primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the right ear (posterior mid helix) of a 66‐year‐old white man. The tumor was 0.6 cm in diameter, ulcerated and nonencapsulated. No other tumors were found in the patient. Histologically the tumor showed the characteristics of a ‘low grade” mucoepidermoid carcinoma, consisting of lobules of polygonal cells with vesicular nuclei. In the center of the lobules were large vacuolated cells (goblet cells). Transitions between the two cell populations were present throughout the tumor. An epidermal attachment of the tumor, as well as epidermal dysplasia, predominantly at the acrosyringium was present, consistent with the theory of sweat duct histogenesis of these tumors. Immunoperoxidase staining showed positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen. The latter was predominantly positive in the goblet cells. Cutaneous metastasis of mucoepidermoid carcinomas with epidermal attachment has been reported. Our case showed only ear involvement and follow‐up at 8 months has revealed no evidence of recurrence. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Landman G, Farmer ER. Primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: report

ISSN:0303-6987    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY