ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A combination of political and economic forces have helped to return the states to the centre of the political stage. Whether measured by objective indicators (employment, share of government expenditure, elasticity of state revenues) or political institutional changes (the rise of career governors, the increasing influence of the intergovernmental lobby and the spread of state responsibilities), the states have become increasingly important in the formulation and implementation of American domestic policies. However, these changes have by no means reduced the level of intergovernmental conflict. On the contrary, cuts in federal expenditure, the introduction of block grants and public opposition to increases in state and local taxation are likely to intensify debate on distributional questions at the state level.

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

William Niskanen's theory ofBureaucracy and Representative Governmentpredicts that the interaction of rational vote‐maximizing politicians and rational budget‐maximizing bureaucrats will lead to an oversupply of bureaucratic goods and services. The demand, supply and motivational components of this model are all shown to be flawed; and the oversupply conclusion therefore fails to follow. A revised model constructed from the elements that can be salvaged from this critique suggests that rational mission‐committed politicians and bureaucrats join in a policy‐making oligopoly, run internally on the basis of trust and externally on the manipulation of information. This leads to a skewing (rather than a simple oversupply) of bureaucratic goods and services. Some evidence suggests that this model fits British as well as American policy

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nationalized industries are usually regarded as bodies to be ‘controlled’ in some way by governments; but they have now developed sufficient autonomy to be able to exert influence on their own behalf within the political system. The emergence of the Nationalized Industries Chairman's Group is one aspect of their activity; the separate industries are also more outspoken in their own concerns. These developments deserve some consideration on both political and economic grounds. In the end the justification lies in their need to compete politically with other industrial interest groups. In the contemporary polity no one else will act for them, and so their leaders have a right, and perhaps a duty, to sustain their industries by ‘pressure‐group’ tactics. Clearly the industries can be seen as ‘state corporatist’ bodies in the usual conceptualizations, but the development of political autonomy could contribute to a more open structure of the

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

‘Area approaches’ have become a new conventional wisdom for dealing with urban deprivation. Such thinking is evident in Michael Heseltine's Liverpool ‘initiative’. This article contributes to an emerging critique of such approaches, by highlighting some political and organizational problems rather than stressing their incipient economic difficulties. Arguably the biggest anti‐deprivation project in Western Europe, the Glasgow Eastern Area Renewal scheme (GEAR) is taken as a case study. Official claims of success are juxtaposed against an alternative perspective outlining possible weaknesses and dilemmas. Critical analysis leads to the conclusion that the GEAR constellation of organizations may be best regarded as a mutually non‐effective organizational set. The persistence of such an institution, while serving short‐term political and administrative needs, may unwittingly produce longer‐term negative political and social consequences. The authors argue that if such problems are to be avoided in the future, the political and organizational drawbacks of this type of initiative must

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-3298    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1982.tb00467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY