ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400101

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Elemental diets have been used extensively in the routine management of patients with Crohn's disease during the past 2 years in this unit. We report our experience in 6 patients in whom perianal fistulae were present. Fistulae improved in 4 patients during elemental feeding; complete healing of fistulae occurred in one of them. No benefit was apparent in 2 patients, but in one the fecal stream had previously been diverted by transverse colostomy, and in the other fecal stasis was marked. The clinical significance of the observations and the difficulties of assessing diet therapy in this condition are discussed.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400102

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Delayed hypersensitivity was evaluated in 24 pediatric cancer patients who received intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Hypersensitivity, as analyzed by skin test antigens, was recorded before and after IVH therapy. With the exception of malnourished patients, tumor response, nutritional status, and delayed hypersensitivity were not correlated in the way suggested by similar studies in adult patients. However, hypersensitivity was correlated with nutritional status post‐IVH.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400103

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A systematic study of patient compliance to home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was done by an independent nurse who visited 10 patients and families at varying periods after HPN had been started. A compliance scale was based on assessment of aseptic technique, sequènce of steps followed, safety precautions, proper use of equipment, and knowledge of complications. Compliance percentiles ranged from 73 to 97, with a median of 95. Seven of the 10 patients scored 90% or more in overall compliance. The only category that clearly showed a deficiency was patient knowledge of potential complications of HPN. Factors that correlated positively with a high compliance score were male sex, absence of children in the home, and wives who were enthusiastic about HPN and who offered the most moral support. This study shows that patients with chronic disabling diseases of the small bowel and severe malnutrition can be managed safely at home with HPN if they are properly trained and supervised.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400104

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum threonine concentration was determined during the first month of life in 163 low birthweight infants fed on either human milk, various adapted formulae, or total parenteral nutrition. On the pooled data, a significant positive relationship was found between the serum threonine concentration and threonine intake. However, the increase of the serum threonine level is more marked in the infants with the lowest actual gestational age; with a high threonine intake, the most premature infants have serum threonine levels twice as high (58.1 vs 31.7 μM/dl) as term infants. Therefore, threonine metabolism seems to be impeded in preterm infants. Considering the cord blood concentration of threonine (26.8 $pL 5.1 μM/dl) and the possible hazardous effect of hyperthreoninemia, it is suggested that threonine intake should not exceed 1200 μM (143 mg)/kg bodyweight/day in premature infants and that the amino acid composition of the diet should probably be modified in order to satisfy their protein requirement.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400105

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results for the 1978 multidisciplinary education seminars of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition were analyzed. The following aspects were evaluated: attendance, pre‐ and post‐test results, and course evaluations. Data were examined as to combined results (7 seminars) and cohort (2 seminars) analyses. Physicians had the highest mean score on the pretest while nurses showed the I most improvement on the post‐test. All groups, except the ! dietitians, rated the seminars as being relatively inappropriate ! to their clinical practices. The program format and lecture contents were rated to be very good by all groups. Recommendations for future multidisciplinary courses are included.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400106

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400107

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

More attention is being given to the essential trace elements in human nutrition, although there is much to be learned concerning requirements, function, and interactions. The extensive use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides an opportunity for further study. To date, little attention has been paid to selenium (Se), an element for which both a deficiency and toxic state can exist. In a program to evaluate the effects of long‐term TPN on Se nutriture, a variety of solutions used in TPN have been analyzed. Se was not present in detectable levels in the following solutions: sodium acetate, Freamine II, NaCl, potassium phosphate, KCl, Folvite, Liquae‐min Na, CaCl2, MgSO4, and NaHCO3. The solutions containing significant amounts of Se were: 50% dextrose 0.27 $pL 0.04 μg/ml and 20% dextrose 0.27 $pL 0.08 μg/ml (Travenol Laboratories); 50% dextrose 0.47 $pL 0.10 μg/ml and 20% dextrose 0.35 $pL 0.07 μg/ml (Abbott Laboratories); and 70% dextrose 0.33 $pL 0.08 μg/ml (McGaw Laboratories). These data suggest that 200 to 400 μg Se would be provided in the usual amounts of solution administered to an adult patient.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400108

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three patients with pancreatic fistulae were given parenteral 10% fat emulsion (Intralipid) to study the effect of intravenous fat on pancreatic fistula output. Each patient received nutritional support with isovolumetric, isoni‐trogenous, and isocaloric solutions containing either hypertonic dextrose and amino acids, or hypertonic dextrose, amino acids, and a fat emulsion. Measurements of fistula volume, fistula amylase, lipase, and chloride concentrations, and fistula trypsin activity were performed. The patients were studied for periods of 10 to 26 days. No significant increases in any of the above parameters were noted during the periods when the fat emulsions were infused. In one patient the fistula closed spontaneously. We conclude that intravenous fat emulsions may be used to provide nutritional support for patients with pancreatic fistula without increasing pancreatic juice volume or enzyme content.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400109

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The metabolic effects of intravenous hyperalimentation, using an essential amino acid (EAA) and glucose solution, were evaluated in 2 children with acute renal failure. Hyperammonemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with elevated plasma methionine and depressed plasma citrulline, ornithine, arginine, and histidine levels complicated the nutritional therapy. Initial infusion of a complete amino acid (CAA) solution was not associated with these aberrations and reintroduction of a CAA solution after the EAA trial resulted in a progressive amelioration of or complete recovery from these metabolic disturbances. It is likely that the hyperammonemia was due to an arginine deficiency, while excess methionine and presumably sulfate production may have contributed to the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in these two children.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718000400110

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY