ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500101

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of hydrolysis was determined by a pancreatic enzyme preparation (Viokase) on a series of diets available for enteral nutrition. The increase in osmolality resulting from digestion by Viokase was measured. Small amounts produced very rapid increase in osmolality in almost all diets evaluated. Neither incubation at 37°C nor the addition of larger amounts of the pancreatic enzyme preparation produced further substantital increases in osmolality. The importance of proper and adequate nutritional support of acutely and chronically ill patients is discussed, and a guideline for the choice of diets, route of delivery, and concentration of diets is suggested.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500107

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There have been many recommendations regarding trace element needs of adults receiving total parenteral nutrition. Balance studies for zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, and molybdenum were carried out in 3 critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Results indicate that the need for zinc was great in them, but that for copper and manganese was lower. Small negative chromium and selenium balances were observed. Molybdenum, iron, cobalt, and iodine balances were attempted but proved difficult to interpret. The requirement of each trace element varied from patient to patient, and was influenced by the presence of gastrointestinal fluid loss and renal function.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500111

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Assessment of magnesium (Mg) status by serum and 24‐hr urine estimations has been used to study a group of 17 patients with severe Crohn's disease, 10 of whom have required intravenous (IV) nutrition. Mg depletion was present in 15 (88%) and severe enough to cause symptoms in two. Urine levels were low in most patients and would appear to be a more sensitive indication of Mg depletion than serum levels alone. Serum Mg levels were significantly lower in the Crohn's group than in a group of hospital controls; 5–10 mmol of IV Mg were required daily to prevent Mg depletion during IV nutrition and some patients required higher intakes. Three patients with particularly severe malabsorption required oral Mg supplements in the long‐term. The rationale for using our method of assessing Mg status, and the importance of recognizing and treating chronic Mg deficiency are presented.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500115

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The calorie and protein requirements were studied in 6 pediatric patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia treated in a laminar air flow unit. Calorie and protein requirements were estimated from anthropometric data. Mean total caloric requirement for weight maintenance was 136% of estimated basal metabolic rate, which is much lower than the RDA for healthy children. The mean protein requirement was 108% RDA. Provision of intravenous nutrients depressed oral intake. Infection had a deleterious effect on visceral protein status as determined by serum albumin.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500120

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Use of the Broviac silastic catheter totalling 37,039 patient days' experience has been studied at UCLA Hospital. When combined with standardized protocol for performance of parenteral nutrition and line care, and consistently supervised, the Broviac catheter provided inpatient as well as home parenteral nutrition with minimal complications. Catheter‐related sepsis occurred once every 1,058 catheter‐use days; minor or major complications developed once every 330 days. The benefits of the Broviac catheter appear to stem from the reinforcement of the external portion of the catheter with an outer protective sheath of Teflon, the luer lock connecting apparatus at the end of the catheter, and the dacron cuff which served to anchor the catheter by stimulating adhesion formulation. The ability to repair the catheter by splicing avoided removal of 7% of all catheters. Particularly dramatic results were noted in infants younger than 2 yr; sepsis and dislodgement occurred only once every 1189 catheter‐use days. On the basis of these observations, the Broviac silastic catheter should currently be considered the catheter of choice for central venous alimentation.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500132

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two adolescents who underwent successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were nutritionally managed on a‐fat‐free cyclic parenteral nutrition (PN) regimen. Serum concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, and transferrin were prospectively evaluated to assess the efficacy of nutritional therapy. Both patients tolerated the cyclic PN metabolically. Serial albumin and transferrin concentrations varied slightly and were less sensitive indices of changing nutritional status. In contrast, prealbumin concentrations decreased uniformly during periods of metabolic stress. At the cessation of PN therapy, all serum proteins were within the normal range. Cyclic PN appears to be a safe, practical approach to the nutritional management of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500137

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A retrospective study was undertaken to determine with what frequency one of the 12 standard enteral formulations routinely used by the Metabolic Support Service could not be used without modification. Forty‐three percent of the 83 patients studied required modification of one or more of the 5 individual components of the enteral product being utilized (ie, carbohydrate, protein, fat, electrolytes, and vitamins). Organ dysfunction was the reason for 31% of those changes in formula, other conditions included vitamin deficiencies (30%), electrolyte imbalances (27%), and essential fatty acid deficiencies (12%). The results of the study confirm the fact that no single formula can be effective in meeting every patient's fluid and electrolyte requirements while addressing the specific nutritional aspects of their disease. It would appear that a totally modular system for enteral nutrition similar to that used in parenteral nutritional support would allow maximum flexibility in the preparation of formulae that conform to patient's needs.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500140

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500146

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence to nylon was assayed in blood obtained from 10 malnourished patients before and during therapy with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). All patients demonstrated minimal to moderate loss of visceral and somatic protein. Adherence of PMN was unaltered by malnutrition or during the 4 wk of TPN in spite of hyperglycemia, which required insulin therapy in 4 patients. There was no correlation of blood sugar levels and PMN adherence.

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718100500149

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY