ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800101

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The stability of folic acid in a variety of solutions used for parenteral nutrition has been determined over a 2‐wk period. Provided that the acidity of the solution remains above pH 5.0 the folate, in the concentrations usually used for parenteral nutrition, will remain stable in solution, and all of the folate added to the solution will be delivered to the patient. The applicability of thisin vitrowork to a group of patients requiring parenteral nutrition was assessed, in order to determine a suitable dose. A dose of 0.2 mg of folic acid daily was inadequate to meet the requirements of these patients. In contrast a dose of 1.2 mg daily for 7 days was sufficient to cause an increase in the serum folate concentration.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:3–13, 1984)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800103

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of intravenously administered L‐carnitine on lipid‐ and nitrogen‐metabolism was studied during total parenteral nutrition of piglets (mean weight 4077 g; n = 9). The infusion protocol was divided into three isocaloric and isonitrogenous 48‐hr periods. Amino acids (3 g/kg day) were administered throughout all three periods: 140 cal/kg/day were given as nonprotein calories, consisting only of glucose during period 1; during periods 2 and 3, an amount of glucose calorically equivalent to 4 g fat/kg/day was substituted with a lipid emulsion, and L‐carnitine (1.5 mg/kg/day) was added in period 3. Key parameters of fat‐ and nitrogen‐metabolism were determined during the entire regime. Indirect calorimetry was performed and the respiratory quotient calculated during all three periods. The results demonstrate a more effective lipolysis and oxydation of fatty acids during L‐carnitine supplementation. These changes produce an increased energy gain from exogenously administered fat and a distinct improvement in nitrogen balance.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:9–13, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800109

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilizations of exogenous fat emulsion (Intralipid) in control, early septic, and late septic rats were studied. After intravenous infusion of14C‐Intralipid, cumulative amounts of14CO2in the expired breath in the 6‐hr period were 42.8 ± 1.8, 35.0 ± 1.8, and 28.5 ± 1.6% of the injected dose, respectively, for the three groups. The amount and the maximum rate of CO2production correlated with the severity of sepsis. Significantly greater amounts of plasma triglyceride and free fatty acids were also observed in septic rats. The hyperlipemia associated with the observed decrease in plasma clearance of lipids may account for the decreased utilization of exogenous fat in septic rats.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:14–17, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800114

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gastric emptying after a conventional semisolid meal containing 5 g of guar gum granules or placebo was measured in a double‐blind, controlled trial, using a radioisotopic (technetium Tc‐99m DTPA) technique, in 11 patients who had undergone gastric resection, and who were experiencing the dumping syndrome. Guar gum clearly slowed gastric emptying in five of the 11 patients, and the results suggest that the addition of guar gum to normal meals, especially those rich in monosaccharides or disaccharides, may be helpful to post‐gastrectomy patients suffering from the dumping syndrome.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:18–20, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800118

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The intradialytic losses into the dialysate of free amino acids (AA) and α‐amino nitrogen were determined during the dialysis of three children. Variations in plasma AA were determined pre‐ and postdialysis. The effect of these losses with the addition of an Abbott General Amino Acid Mixture to the dialysate in concentrations of 8.5, 17, and 34 mg/100 ml was studied. The major determinant of AA losses was the plasma concentration of the AA before beginning the dialysis treatment. Dialysance of individual AA varied inversely with their molecular weights. A zero flux of α‐amino nitrogen occurred at a derived concentration of 22 mg/100 ml of the AA additive in the dialysate. Plasma concentrations of nonessential amino acids were little affected by the dialysate additive. In contrast, total essential amino acid nitrogen which fell during baseline dialyses showed significant improvement when the AA solution was added to the dialysate. This study suggests that the addition of AA to the dialysate bath may be effective in decreasing AA nitrogen losses during dialysis.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:25–29, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800125

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The administration of elemental diet through fine needle catheter jejunostomy is becoming a common alternative route for postoperative feedings. The current review describes a septic syndrome which has been attributed to contamination of these feedings. The authors discuss a number of patient reports, as well as the etiology of the septic‐like syndrome. Recommendations for the elimination of this syndrome are made and further review of patients during the course of changes in technique is described.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:30–33, 1983)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800130

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Animal experimental data concerning pancreatic exocrine secretory response to parenteral nutrition is contradictory. We have studied the pancreatic exocrine output in a patient with a pure pancreatic fistula. In this patient, parenteral nutrition with hypertonic glucose, amino acids and fat emulsion was not associated with increases in fistula volume or protein output. Enteral protein and fat in this patient caused rapid increases in both fistula volume and protein output. This study supports the use of parenteral nutrition as a means of maintaining the pancreas at rest.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:34–36, 1984)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800134

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800137

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is now an important facet of the management of the extremely premature infant. However, its effects on those with inherited metabolic disease have not been well documented. We report an infant with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) who had unusually high serum phenylalanine at 12 days of life (5200 μmol;>3.2 SD above our mean for PKU at 10–15 days of age) while on parenteral nutrition, despite a relatively high tolerance for phenylalanine on oral feeds at 3–4 months of life (97–128 mg/ kg/day; normal for PKU:<90 mg/kg/day). Identification of PKU was somewhat delayed in this child because of failure to recognize that parenteral nutrition provides a phenylalanine load equivalent to or greater than the routine oral formula feeding. Despite the high levels of phenylalanine in the first 2 wk of life, mental and motor development are normal at 16 months of age. This case, the first such reported, suggests the parenteral nutrition in the premature PKU infant is relatively safe, but draws attention to the possible need for phenylalanine‐free amino acid infusates for those who require long‐term treatment.(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition8:42–44, 1984)

ISSN:0148-6071    

DOI:10.1177/014860718400800142

出版商:SAGE Publications    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY