摘要:

I studied in the laboratory and in the field the communication distance of the gomphocerine grasshopperChorthippus biguttulus, which lives close to the ground in stony, short grass habitats. Using sound measurements and behavioural tests, I examined the frequency dependent attenuation and temporal degradation of the song pattern. Sound measurements (2–40 kHz) in the field revealed that excess attenuation increases with increasing frequency. Close to the ground, excess attenuation reaches 18 dB/m. On the basis of (i) excess attenuations, (ii) tympanic receptor threshold curves and (iii) song spectra, perception distances of female tympanic receptors for male songs and vice versa were calculated. Behavioural tests revealed that, especially in short and stony grass vegetation, the typical habitat ofCh. biguttulus, the temporal song pattern is strongly degraded. Thus, in the laboratory and in tall grass vegetation, sound attenuation was found to limit the communication distance. In contrast, in short grass vegetation, degradation of the temporal pattern was found to limit the communication distance of males listening to female songs. I argue that the exploitation of fast amplitude modulations for song recognition restricts the acoustic communication of grasshoppers to short distances (1–2.2 m). In this respect it seems adaptive to stridulate at low intensities.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753437

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Southern elephant sealMirounga leoninamales have a complex and stereotyped system of access to breeding females. The single most important component of male behaviour is vocal signalling, which is used to settle agonistic encounters in most cases. Most aspects of the breeding biology of the species have been studied in depth, but detailed information about the structure of vocalisations is not readily available. Here, we present data about the acoustic structure of aggressive male vocalisations collected in the Falkland Islands and we compare these data to published data on the northern elephant seals. Our main goal is to describe the structure of sounds as a preliminary and indispensable step towards analysis of their functional significance.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753438

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In traditional studies of animal communication, individual variability was sometimes considered less relevant than species specific aspects, mostly because the goal was the classifications of sounds in repertories. However, individual variability seems to have a significant role in signal function and evolution. In this paper, we analyse individual variation in the structure of aggressive vocalisations of male southern elephant seals and we compare sounds from our main study population, Sea Lion Island (Falkland Islands), with sounds recorded in the nearby population of the Valdés Peninsula (Patagonia, Argentina).

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753439

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Several batrachoidids have been known to produce sounds associated with courtship and agonistic interactions, and their repertoires have been studied acoustically and behaviourally. In contrast, sound production of the Lusitanian toadfishHalobatrachus didactylus, although often noted, has not been acoustically studied.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753440

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Prey often exhibit avoidance behaviors when predators are present. We observed diminished loudness of mating choruses of male silver perchBairdiella chrysourain spawning areas when vocalizing bottlenose dolphinsTursiops truncatus, which hunt fish acoustically, were present. Experimental playback of bottlenose dolphin sounds revealed that male silver perch mating calls were reduced by an average of 9 dB. This “acoustical avoidance” behavior, demonstrated previously for interactions involving bats hunting insects and frogs, may also be a common phenomenon in acoustically mediated predator-prey interactions in the sea.

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753441

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753442

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753443

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753444

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0952-4622    

DOI:10.1080/09524622.2000.9753436

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor