摘要:

ABSTRACTThe consumption of electricity and thermal energy for frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) and citrus pulp pellets (CPP) was determined in a plant. Thermal energy accounted for 90% of the total energy consumption in the plant and its consumption for CPP exceeded that for FCOJ. The kilocalories of thermal energy per kg of water evaporated (KKWE) in the evaporators increased as the feed rate of single strength juice was decreased. At the design evaporation capacity, the steam efficiency of two tubular evaporators and two plate evaporators was found to be 0.85N and 0.82N, respectively; N being the number of effects of the evaporator. Fouling of the waste heat evaporator was a major reason for the high energy consumption in the CPP unit.

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWheat was ground on a rollermill then sifted into several size classifications to determine how certain sifting characteristics changed when the material was subjected to changes in feed rate, sifter circle or throw and sifter speed.The travel speed of the stocks over the sieves decreased with a decrease in average particle size. Changes in the rate of feed to the sieves had no effect on the stock travel time. Travel speed was increased for all stocks when the linear cloth speed of the sieve was increased.Sifter efficiency, as defined by the percent of undersize material removed by each sieve in a series of sieves having the same cloth aperture, compared to the amount of undersize material going to the first sieve of the series was influenced by changes in feed rates and in sifter dynamics.Particle size analysis of individual sieve throughs showed that when the stocks were sifted on a series of sieves having the same aperture opening size, the finest material was sifted out on the first sieve with subsequent sieve throughs becoming progressively coarser.

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe energy consumption of several tomato paste evaporators was monitored to provide baseline data for equipment selection or modification. Daily average performance data are given for single, double and triple effect evaporators. Average daily steam economies for the single effect evaporator ranged from 0.74 to 1.02 and averaged 0.84 compared to a theoretical average of 0.95. Two similar double effect evaporators had average daily steam economies which ranged from 0.79 to 2.03. The average daily steam economy measured was 1.45 while the theoretical average was 1.91. The average daily steam economies for the three triple effect evaporators ranged from 1.66 to 3.06.

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the present study, 25 cm tubes fouled during pilot plant scale pasteurization of raw whole milk were cleaned with sodium hydroxide. The pasteurization conditions resembled those of the dairy industry. An optical sensor sensitive to the turbidity of suspended deposits removed by the cleaning solution was placed successively at the outlet of each fouled tube. Use of this sensor combined with a nonrecycled cleaning solution process enabled us to measure the cleaning rate on line. In these conditions it was observed that, at zero time, the cleaning rate was null. Based on the above observations a kinetic model of cleaning was established. It consists of two steps in series. The adhesive deposit passes through an intermediate state before being washed away by the cleaning solution. Each step is a first order reaction related to the mass of the adhesive deposit and the mass of the intermediate compound, respectively.Among the many physico‐chemical parameters affecting the cleaning process, three major ones were studied; temperature, concentration and circulation rate of the soda solution. An empirical model of the rate constant was set up which takes into account those three parameters and the initial weight of deposit to be cleaned. A 1% increase in the amount of NaOH caused the same increase in the constant rate as 8°C or 0.5 m

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe problem of estimation of transport parameters in food processing models is examined. A procedure is presented which consists of controlled experiments, application of theory to model the process and estimation of parameters by comparing the experimental and predicted data by the use of nonlinear optimization technique. The optimization program estimates a set of parameters in a food processing model which gives a minimum value of the sum of squares of the deviation between the observed and estimated values. The processes considered are drying, soaking and parboiiing of rice and peanut drying. Depending on the complexity of the process, the solution of the mathematical model is given in the form of analytical, finite difference or finite element approximations. The precision of transport parameters determination is also discussed.

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this Article:Handbook of Package Engineering. Second Edition, 1984.

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-8876    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-4530.1984.tb00637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY