ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106663

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106664

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106665

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 6-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial preceded by a 3-week single-blind, washout/run-in placebo phase was performed in male and female patients, 55–85 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate multi-infarct dementia according to DSM-III to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of nicergoline 30 mg b.i.d. Primary endpoints for efficacy were the changes in the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale (SCAG) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores at the end of the treatment with respect to baseline. Secondary endpoints were Clinical Global Impression, 3 subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Blessed A scale for activities of daily living, and all endpoints in 2-month intervals. A total of 252 patients were screened, 136 patients entered the double-blind phase and were evaluated as intent-to-treat (ITT) patients. Fifteen patients were excluded from the efficacy analyses of valid cases (VC) due to protocol violations or because they dropped out of the study prematurely. Confirmatory efficacy analysis after 6 months of treatment revealed superiority of nicergoline treatment with p > 0.01 for both SCAG and MMSE scores (ITT and VC). Subsequent descriptive efficacy analysis resulted in significant differences in favor of nicergoline, in the majority of cases as early as 2 months after start of treatment. Nicergoline was well tolerated and a similar number of adverse events were observed in both the placebo and the nicergoline grou

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106666

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Is senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) the end result of aging of the brain (serial or aging-related model) or the result of some other mechanism that runs in parallel to normal aging (parallel or age-related model)? This question can be answered by comparing variables that measure biological aging (aging-dependent variables, ADVs) of normal individuals and of SDAT patients. If the serial model applies, the values of the ADVs of SDAT patients should be at the upper end of the normal ADV curves. In control individuals the power of the alpha band in the 2-Hz flash-stimulated EEG at the posterior head regions increased with age, while the power of the delta band in the resting EEG at the anterior head regions decreased. In SDAT patients the ADVs were significantly different from normal and opposite to the trend of normal aging, supporting the parallel model and suggesting that the pathogenesis of SDAT is different from normal aging.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106596

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106667

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have conducted a preliminary study of the optimum conditions for a therapeutic effect of ganglioside GM1 in Alzheimer''s disease. Five patients with the early onset form of Alzheimer''s disease (AD type I) received the ganglioside by intracerebroventricular administration for 12 months. Bilateral stereotactic punction of the frontal horns of the ventricular system was performed, and shunt catheters were implanted and connected to a programmable pump. The optimum GMI dose varied between 20 and 30 mg/24h. Neurological, neuropsychological, psychiatric and neurochemical examinations were performed 7 days before surgery and on days 30, 90, 180 and 360. No patient found the surgery difficult and no patient or relative regretted that they participated in the study. The patients became more active and safer in relation to others and to performance of various activities from day 90. The cerebrospinal fluid level of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid and the neuropeptide somatostatin increased.

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106597

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 21 patients suffering from Binswanger’s disease (BD) and in 53 patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), high molecular weight form somatostatin (HMV-SST), somatostatin-25/28 (SST-25/28), somatostatin-14 (SST-14), Des-ala-somatostatin (Des-ala-SST), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The patients were classified into three stages of intellectual deterioration according to the global deterioration scale (GDS). Levels of SLI were significantly decreased in BD in general and in SDAT patients with severe dementia (GDS 7), compared to a control group (BD overall 19.7 ± 11.6 fmol/ml, SDAT 18.6 ± 7.9 vs. 30.5 ± 8.6 fmol/ml in controls, p < 0.01 for both). In SDAT patients, SLI levels correlated with dementia scores (r = –0.65, p < 0.05), but not in BD. HVA levels were decreased significantly in SDAT and BD patients with severe dementia (SDAT 273.5 ± 138.7, BD 224.3 ± 69.9 vs. 364.9 ± 103.8 nmol/ml, p< 0.01 in controls, p < 0.05 for both). In BD patients with light dementia (GDS 2–4), HVA levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). In BD, HVA levels correlated with dementia (r= –0.59, p < 0.01). 5-HIAA was significantly elevated in BD patients with light dementia (p < 0.05). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the molecular forms of SLI are compatible with a dysregulated posttranslational processing in SDAT and BD. We also observed significant correlations between SLI, 5-HIAA and HVA in BD indicating a neurochemical heterogeneous and generalized process affecting several transmitter systems and functions. In summary, our study shows that despite their quite different neuropathology, SDAT and BD do not differ fundamentally in their neuroc

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106598

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) applied in vitro to hippocampal synaptosomes from young Wistar rats on the specific binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HCh-3), high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) and activity of Na+,K+-ATPase were examined. EGb at a concentration of 100 µg/ml markedly elevated the specific binding of [3H]HCh-3 (to 306%) and moderately elevated HACU values (to 115%). Scatchard analysis revealed an increase in the Bmax for [3H]HCh-3 binding, Lineweaver-Burk analysis an increase in the Vmax for choline uptake. No marked changes in the activity of the sodium pump were discovered. EGb was not able to influence the specific ''second messenger'' effect of arachidonic acid

ISSN:1420-8008    

DOI:10.1159/000106599

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger