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1. |
The Charms and Rewards of the Study of Minor Protozoan Taxa* |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 1-3
PHYLLIS CLARKE BRADBURY,
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ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04220.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Symposium |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 4-4
DONALD M. SPOON,
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ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04221.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Informational Energy Flow As an Aspect of Protozoan Nutrition*,† |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 5-9
JOHN J. LEE,
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摘要:
SYNOPSISThe time is ripe for protozoan ecologists to begin the general evaluation of the role of food quality in the energy transformations and materials flow in food webs involving protozoa and other small organisms. Current evidence suggests that major pathways of energy flow at any particular time depend upon the matches between prey species and consumers. There are 2 components to food quality related (informational) energy flow: (a) the information present in the molecular constitution of the prey; and (b) the ability of the protozoa to recognize and use it. If the evidence obtained from trophodynamic studies of 2 marine ciliates,Uronema marinumDujardin andEuplotes vannusMüller indicates a generalized ability of protozoa to regulate catabolic reactions to points which optimize energetic gains from their food, then it may be one of the keys to the evolutionary successes of the group
ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04222.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Whitfield, Philip J. 1979. the Biology of Parasitism: an Introduction to the Study of Associating Organisms. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 41 Bedford Square, London Wc1b 3dq, England. X + 277 Pp. Paperbound. £ 7.95. |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 9-9
NORMAN D. LEVINE,
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ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04223.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Spatial Distribution of Marine Ciliates: Micro‐Ecologic and Biogeographic Aspects of Protozoan Ecology*† |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 10-13
ARTHUR C. BORROR,
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摘要:
SYNOPSISFree‐living marine ciliates occur in the interstitial spaces of a wide vareity of filamentous and particulate substrata, on the surfaces of planar substrata, and in the plankton. In addition, they are found in association with a wide variety of plant and animal hosts. In this paper I review the progress during the past decade in understanding the distribution of marine ciliates, with particular emphasis on the relationship between ciliate biogeography and the species problem. It is concluded that as a general rule among marine ciliates, genera and species complexes are cosmopolitan. Specific locales may support a confusing array of sibling species or subspecific morphologic variants. Because the distributional processes and breeding biology of marine ciliates are only beginning to be understood, conventional ideas that marine ciliate species are cosmopolitan may require modificatio
ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04224.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Marine Amebae From Clean and Stressed Bottom Sediments of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico*,†,‡ |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 13-32
THOMAS K. SAWYER,
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摘要:
SYNOPSISAmebae isolated from sediments of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico were maintained in continuous culture and most were identified to genus and species. Twenty‐six species representing 12 genera were recognized from existing literature and several others (Flabellula, Mastigamoeba, Cochliopododium) were identified only to genus. One ameboflagellate and several small limax‐type amebae which require further study also were isolated. Other sarcodmids belonging to the Heliozoida, Testocida, Leptomyxida, and Proteomyxida were identified only tentatively. the distribution of the amebae and ameba‐like organisms was tabulated for the following geographic areas: Atlantic Ocean near Long Island, New York: Atlantic Ocean 16‐65 miles offshore from New York and New Jersey: Atlantic Ocean 1‐50 miles offshore from Maryland and Delaware: and the Gulf of Mexico 3.5‐41 miles offshore from the southeastern United States. Amebae present in shellfish holding trays at Lewis. Delaware, were isolated, and identified to compare the distribution of species in laboratory tanks with those present in natural ocean bottoms. Published accounts of each collection site were reviewed to obtain specific data on contamination with sewage wastes, acid wastes, dredge spoils, and petroleum hydrocarbons. Two previously undescribed amebae were found to represent new genera and species and are described herein, one from the Delaware mariculture facility, and the other from the digestive tract of the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus, and the gill surface of the lady crab,Ovalipes ocellatus.Sarcodinids present in clean or stressed environments were listed, and genera and species that were widespread or apparently geographically restricted we
ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04225.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
World Health Organization. 1979. Parasitic Zoonoses. Report of A Who Expert Committee With the Participation of Fao. 107 Pp. Isbn 92 4 120637 3. World Health Organization, Who Publications Center Usa, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, Ny 12210. Paperback. Sw. Fr. 10. |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 32-32
NORMAN D. LEVINE,
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ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04226.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Terrestrial Protozoa* |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 33-36
STUART S. BAMFORTH,
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摘要:
SYNOPSISLitters and soils are special interstitial ecosystems containing water in surface films and pore spaces, large amounts of organic matter, and are subject to extreme moisture and temperature fluctuations. “Terrestrial protozoa” are ubiquitous limnetic species tolerant of high CO2tensions and possessing efficient encystment mechanisms.Protozoa exploit tiny microhabitats unavailable to larger animals (e.g. nematodes). Naked amebae dominate due to their flexible bodies and interface locomotion. Small flagellates may be abundant, especially in litters. Ciliates are less numerous but their species composition indicates the degree of moisture of the habitat, as do the slower‐growing testacea which become prominent in regions of slow decomposition (conifer and tundra biomes). Protozoa promote decomposition by enhancing bacterial metabolism, eating excess bacteria, and excreting simple compounds returnable to plants. Large populations, especially amebae, exploit the abundant bacterial flora of plant root zones (rhizosphere). One protozoon,Colpoda cucullus, has successfully invaded the surfaces of veget
ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04227.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
A Newly Revised Classification of the Protozoa* |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 37-58
N. D. LEVINE,
J. O. CORLISS,
F. E. G. COX,
G. DEROUX,
J. GRAIN,
B. M. HONIGBERG,
G. F. LEEDALE,
A. R. LOEBLICH,
III. J. LOM,
D. LYNN,
E. G. MERINFELD,
F. C. PAGE,
G. POLJANSKY,
V. SPRAGUE,
J. VAVRA,
F. G. WALLACE,
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摘要:
SYNOPSISThe subkingdom Protozoa now includes over 65,000 named species, of which over half are fossil and ∼ 10,000 are parasitic. Among living species, this includes ∼ 250 parasitic and 11,300 free‐living sarcodines (of which ∼ 4,600 are foraminiferids); 1.800 parasitic and 5,100 free‐living flagellates: ∼ 5,600 parasitic “Sporozoa” (including Apicomplexa, Microspora, Myxospora, and Aseetospora); and ∼ 2,500 parasitic and 4,700 free‐living ciliates. There are undoubtedly thousands more still unmamed. Seven phyla of PROTOZOA are accepted in this classification—SARCOMASTIGOPHORA. LABYRINTHOMORPHA, APICOMPLEXA, MICROSPORA, ASCETOSPORA, MYXOSPORA, and CILIOPHORA. Diagnoses are given for these and for all higher taxa through suborders, and representative genera of each are named. the present scheme is a considerable revision of the Society's 1964 classification, which was prepared at a time when perhaps 48,000 species had been named. It has been necessitated by the acquisition of a great deal of new taxonomic information, much of it through electron microscopy. It is hoped that the present classification incorporates most of the major changes that will be made for some time. and that it will be used for many years by both protozoologists an
ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04228.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
Ultrastrukturen Und Cytochemie Der Pellikula Und Des Apikalkomplexes Der Kineten Von Babesia Bigemina Und Babesia Ovis In Hämolymphe Und Ovar Von Zecken*,† |
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The Journal of Protozoology,
Volume 27,
Issue 1,
1980,
Page 59-71
GUNTER WEBER,
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摘要:
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAls Kineten werden in dieser Arbeit die intra‐ und extrazellular in der Hamolymphe sowie im Ovar (ein‐schlieBlich der Oocyten und Eier) der Ubertragerzecken auftretenden motilen Entwicklungsstadien (“vermikuli”) der Babesien bezei‐chnet. Kineten von Babesia bigemina Smith&Kilborne, in der Hamolymphe von Boophilus microplus Canestrini, wurden ultramor‐phologisch und ultra‐enzymcytochemisch (saure Phosphatase, saure unspezifische Esterase) untersucht. Kineten von Babesia ovis (Babes) Starcovici in Hamolymphe und Ovar von Rhipicephalus hursa Canestrini&Fanzago wurden im wesentlichen ultracytochem‐isch untersucht. Die Pellikula der Kineten von B. bigemina ist komplex und aus 3 Membranen zusammengesetzt (Pellikularkomplex): einer auBeren Membran (dem Plasmalemma) und 2 inneren dicht aufeinander liegenden Membranen. Die auBere Membran ist ˜8 nm dick und offenbar von einer strukturlosen Schicht von ˜3 nm Dicke bedeckt. Jede der beiden inneren Membranen ist ˜6 nm stark. Der Abstand zwischen der inneren Doppelmembran und dem Plasmalemma betragt 7,5 nm. Die Gesamtstarke des Pellikularkomplexes wurde mil 30 nm gemessen. Die beiden Innenmembranen der Pellikula sind wahrscheinlich Abkommlinge des endoplasmatischen Retikulums (ER), und zwar aus folgenden Griinden: (a) sie schliefien eine Lage hydrolase‐aktiven Materials ein; (b) in sich intraha‐mocytar aus Kinenten transformierenden spharoiden Stadien wird die innere Doppelmembran der Pellikula augenscheinlich durch eine ER‐Cisterne ersetzt; (c) die Dicke der Innenmembran entspricht ziemlich genau jener der ER‐Membran. In der pellikularen Doppelmembran befinden sich zirkulare Offnungen unterschiedlichen, durchschnittlich 100 nm weiten Durchmessers. Trotz ihrer Ahnlichkeit mil Mikroporen (die fur den Pellikularkomplex der Apikomplexa charakteristisch sind) zeichnen sich diese Differenzierungen durch einen ganz spezifischen Bau aus. Sie werden hier daher Intrapellikularfenster (IPF) oder Pseudomikroporen genannt. Der Rand eines IPF ist eine Kante, die durch die hier ineinander umschlagenden inneren Pellikulamembranen gebildet wird. Dieser Umschlagkante ist cytoplasmatisches, elektronendichtes Material angelagert. Anders als bei einem Mikroporus ist das Plasmalemma jedoch nicht inva‐giniert. In Tangentialschnitten erscheint ein IPF als einzelner, dunkler Ring. Manchmal sind den IPF Rhoptrien assoziiert. Eine den IPF ahnliche, jedoch viel weitere intrapellikulare Offnung befindet sich am Apex des Parasiten. Ihr Rand ist mil der inneren Offnung‐skante des Apikalringes kongruent. Typische subpellikulare Mikrotubuli wurden nicht beobachtet.Der Apikalkomplex der Kineten von Babesia besteht aus dem Apikalschirm, einem darunter beflndlichen Kranz aus Mikrotubuli, und Rhoptrien. Mikronemen sind ebenfalls zahlreich vorhanden. Der Apikalschirm liegt unmittelbar unter der Pellikula und ist bei Kineten von B. bigemina eine speichenradahnliche Struktur, bestehend aus radiar an einem radnabenahnlichen zentralen Ring (Api‐kalring) entspringenden “Rippen”. Es sei betont, daB der Apikalschirm nicht Teil der Pellikula ist und der Apikalring somit nicht identisch ist mil der iiblicherweise als Polring beschriebenen Struktur. Unter jeder “Rippe” des Apikalschirms verlauft ein Mikrotubulus (= subkostaler Mikrotubulus). Bei Kineten von B. ovis sind die “Rippen” viel weniger ausgepragt. In Oocyten und Eiern weisen sie auBerdem einen konisch zugespitzten Apikalschirm auf. Die Rhoptrien der Babesia‐Kineten sind spindelformig und im wesentlichen unter dem Apikalschirm lokalisiert. Sie sind in radiaren Reihen arrangiert, wobei jede Reihe einer “Rippe” zugeordnet ist. Ein Conoid wurde nicht gesehen. Hydrolytische Aktivitat in Spuren wurde gelegentlich in Mikronemen beobachtet. Rhoptrien und Apikalschirm waren stets frei von Phosphatase‐ und Esterase‐Aktivitat.Hinsichtlich ihrer fundamentalen morphologischen Organisation und hydrolytischen Aktivitat zeigt die Pellikula der Kineten von Babesia iiberraschende Ubereinstimmung mit dem Pellikularkomplex der Coccidien. Sie unterscheidet sich von diesem durch die IPF und das Fehlen von Mikroporen (sowie typischen subpellikularen Mikrotubuli). In der Komplexitat der Pellikula sowie vor allem in bestimmten Strukturdetails des Apikalkomplexes (Apikalschirm, Fehlen eines Conoids) sind die Babeji'a‐Kin
ISSN:0022-3921
DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04229.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1980
数据来源: WILEY
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