ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb05373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Of set‐era1 strains ofEiztarnochaisolated from human patients diagnosed to have mild. chronic amebiasis, two strains (AG and JA) Were found to have the ability to grow well at room temperature, in addition to growing at 37°C. Subsequent genetic analysis has shown these two strains to be very closely related to the well‐known “Laredo strain ofEntamoeba histolytica.” The implications of the marked differences from “true”E. histoliticaa

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Electron‐microscopic observations ofSpirostomum ambiguumhave demonstrated additional details of superficial and deep tubular connections with peristomial and somatic kinetosomes. The superficial peristomial tubules appear to connect adjacent rows of kinetosomes. Anatomically, they course distally from the proximal kinetosomal plate. The deep tubules run proximally from the kinetosomal plate. Those in the somatic region appear to enter the endoplasm; those in the peristomial region leave the kinetosome as bundles of either 10 or 11 tubules which steadily converge to form 2 compact rows of 10 tubular bundles. These tubules connect to 2 of the 3 rows of 10 cilia each, the rows of 3 being separated by membranous folds protruding perpendicular to the peristomial groove. The rows of bundles converge further, enter the endoplasm and fan out again into tubular sheets, some of which appear to course in an antero‐posterior direction. Another set of tubules arises from each of the kinetosomes in the 3rd row of 10 kinetosomes and courses proximally at a different angle from those arising from the 2 other kinetosome rows. Terminations have not been observed for the deep somatic or peristomial tubules. Their possible role in producing the forceful longitudinal contraction ofSpirostomumis discus

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Food vacuole‐freeP. multimicronucleatumandT. pyriformisreadily ingest non‐nutritive Dow polystyrene latex particles (PLP) and form vacuoles containing PLP at a rate comparable to the formation of vacuoles containing bacteria. The particles aggregate within the vacuoles and are egested as balls of the size of the vacuoles. PLP containing vacuoles rapidly acquire acid phosphatase activity, which is demonstrated by histochemical (alpha‐naphthyl phosphatehexazonium salt or lead phosphate) methods as a peripheric staining. The total activity of the cell does not significantly change as a consequence of PLP uptake as suggested by the histochemical preparations and confirmed inT. pyriformisby measuring the splitting of p‐nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5. Accordingly, no selection between nutritive and non‐nutritive particles could be revealed. The vacuole formation is induced by the mechanical action of the particles. The appearance of acid phosphatase activity in the vacuole seems to be dependent on the vacuole formation and not on its content. This early appearance of activity is due to a redistribution of the preexistent

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Twelve derivatives of 5‐nitrofuran were tested onEuglena grarzlis. All rendered the organism permanently apoplastidic and, at somewhat higher concentrations, killed. The furan analogues of 3 of these compounds had no effect on the chloroplast system and were less toxic than the nitrcfurans. Low concentrations of nitrofurantoin and nitroiuraldehyde inhibited formation of chlorophyll when etiolated cells irere illuminated.Exposure of euglena to low concentrations of these agents for about 2 generation times. followed by plating on drug‐free mediurn. resulted in a high proportion of bleached colonies. It is theretore concluded that the nitrofurans induce apotplastidy by causing permanent damage to the chloroplast system rather than by inhibiting its replication temporarily. Since one of the nitrofurans which was found to bleach euglena, NFT–3‐amino‐6[‐2‐(5‐nitro‐2‐furyl) vinyl]‐1,2,4‐triazine–is known to cause specific inhibition of DNA synthesis in bacteria, nitrofurans may perhaps bleach euglena through selective damage to chloroplast‐DNA or to the DNA‐synthesiz

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Telotrochidium henneguyiwas cultured axenically. The major nutrients in medium T‐3 were liver extract (1:20 National Biochemicals Co.), hydrolyzed yeast nucleic acid, glucose, and dl‐β‐hydroxybutyric acid; these were fortified with phosphate buffer, EDTA, and penicillin. The supplements were: 18 amino acids, 7 vitamins, 10 salts supplying trace‐metals; uridylic, cytidylic, guanylic, and adenylic acids; thymidine‐5‐diphosphate, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and choline. Optimum conditions for axenic cultivation were obtained with phosphate buffer 2 × 10−1M, penicillin 5,000 U.S.P. units/ml, 23°C, pH 6.8. A monoxenic maintenance medium (“T‐broth”) allowed prolific growth and produced trxmendous populations. It was composed ofBacillus cereusin an aqueous broth‐concoction of Proteose‐peptone, Cerophyl, and wheat kernels. Axenic T‐3 medium supported serial subculture; yields of peritrichs were comparable to those in T‐broth. Axenic yields were poorer in medium lacking the T‐3 supplemenits but containing the major nutrients fortified with acid‐hydrolyzed gelatin, serine, riboflavin, EDTA, CaCL, FeCI3, KCI, MgSO4·7 H2O, phosphate buffer, and penicillin. For rapid axenination, excystment was induced by vibrating encysted peritrichs ∼ 30 sec in a Vortex Jr. mixer. Freshly excysted animals were washed by centrifugation. A salt solution, not distilled water, was used for washing inoculants. Inocula consisting of 1 × 103or more animals were obtained by conventional centrifuge methods.Extension of this investigation to construction of a

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Whole cells ofPolytoma obtusumdo not utilize glucose or other hexoses, but cell‐free extracts show glucokinase activity having a pH optimum at 8.5 and a Q10of 2.4 between 0–20°C. Lack of glucom utilization by whole cells reflects a permeability barrier to all sugars.To determine whether inability of acetate‐grown cells to utilize butyrate also denoted a permeability barrier, permeability to acetate and butyrate was studied in acetate‐ and butyrate‐grown cells However, acetate‐grown cells accumulated C‐14 labeled butyrate against a concentration gradient. Therefore inability of acetate‐grown cells to utilize butyrate does not denote a permeability barrier.Acetate‐kinase activity was consktently demonstrated in cell‐free extracts of both acetate‐ and butyrate‐grown cells. Butyrate kinase was consistently found only in butyrate‐grown cells. However, the absence of buttymte kinase in acetate‐grown cells cannot be claimed since occasionally butyrate kinase activity was demonstrated in ext

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.An electron microscope study of regenerating trichocysts inFrontonia vesirztlosashowed that these organelles oripnate from primordial, membrane‐limited vesicles which appear randomly in the endoplasm. The characteristic pattern of development leading to the first definitive organization of the trichocyst involves the elaboration of the amorphous intravesicular substance into a series of closely packed fibrous sheets. These densely staining elements, laid down in two dimensional arrays, constitute the fundamental plan upon which the various structural subdivisions of the organelle are subsequently formed. Maturation involves, however, the re‐transformation of the distinctly fibrillar pattern of the body into a homogeneous, structureless matrix.The mature trichocyst, consisting of the tip, cap and body, is a pyriform structure bounded by a thin external membrane which is continuous with the pellicle. Extrusion of the organelle results in the transformation of the homogeneous tip and body into a slender shaft with transverse striations having a familiar periodicity of about 560 Å. During discharge the entire organelle is ejected, but the cap does not participate in the formation of the shaft. Elementary units of 120Å and 250 Å periodicities are also described in intracellularly discharged trichocysts. These observations are discussed in relation to current theories on the nature of the extrusion process.The endoplasmic origin of trichocysts inFrontoniadoes not support the classical theory of the morphogenetic pluripatency of kinetosomes insofar as i t relates to the direct derivation of these organelles from pre‐existing ciliary basa

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Diophrys scutum, collected from four locations on the New Hampshire coast, ranged from 89–195 7mu; in length, 50–105 μ in width, and 68–88 μ in buccal cavity length. The end of the adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) extends 37–59 μ (average = 45.6 μ) posteriorly in a groove on the right side of the body. Dorsally are five rows of stiff cilia. The silverline system (Chatton‐Llvoff technique) appears as a fine meshwork, entirely different from that found inEuplotes or Uronychia. There are two elongate macronuclei (Feulgen reaction) and several micronuclei. Diophrys peloetes n. sp., collected from one location in Alligator Harbor. Florida, ranged from 95–134 μ in length, 62–84 μ in width. and 60–80 μ in buccal cavity length. The terminal portion of the AZM extends posteriorly in a groove 30–44 7mu; (average = 36.8 μ) on the right side of the body. Dorsally are eight rows of stiff cilia. The details of the silverline system are similar to those of D.scutum.There is insufficient difference in ranges of body length, width. and buccal cavity length to use these characters in separating the two species. However, a statistical analysis shows that the length of the portion of the AZM on the right side of the body inD. scutumis significantly different (longer) from that ofD. peloetes.Furthermore, these two species differ not only in number of dorsal ciliary rows, but also in the number of cilia per row. The degree of difference in these two species is similar to that between closely related species in other hypotrich genera, and also to that between some varie

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY